A hierarchy of homodesmotic reactions for thermochemistry.

A hierarchy of homodesmotic reactions for thermochemistry.
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DOI:
10.1021/ja805843n
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发表时间:
2009-02-25
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Allen, Wesley D.
Allen, Wesley D.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wheeler, Steven E.;Houk, Kendall N.;Schleyer, Paul V. R.;Allen, Wesley D.

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在计算热化学中经常使用化学方程式来平衡不同程度的键类型和原子杂化,例如,当采用较低水平的理论时,以提高准确性。我们揭露了广泛的混乱,这样的类的方程,并证明了两个最广泛使用的定义“homodesmotic”反应是不等价的。本文引入了新的定义,并建立了烃类反应的一致性等级(RC_1-RC_5):等旋(RC_1)→等键(RC_2)→亚同键(RC_3)→同键(RC_4)→超同键(RC_5)。每一个都相继地保存了较大的分子碎片。等键键分离反应的概念推广到所有类在这个层次结构中,提供一个独特的切片的一个给定的分子为每个反应类型。用从头算和密度泛函方法研究了38种含5 ~ 6个碳原子的烃的键分离反应。RC 4和RC 5反应提供的键分离图谱在广泛的理论水平范围内误差始终小于0.4 kcal mol−1,表现明显优于其他反应类型,远远上级原子化路线。我们推荐的键分离反应通过测定1,3,5-己三炔(163.7 ± 0.4 kcal mol−1)、1,3,5,7-辛四炔(217.6 ± 0.6 kcal mol−1)、较大的多炔C10 H2至C26 H2和无限炔碳链的生成速率(在298 K下)来证明。
Chemical equations that balance bond types and atom hybridization to different degrees are often used in computational thermochemistry, for example, to increase accuracy when lower levels of theory are employed. We expose the widespread confusion over such classes of equations and demonstrate that the two most widely used definitions of “homodesmotic” reactions are not equivalent. New definitions are introduced and a consistent hierarchy of reaction classes (RC1 – RC5) for hydrocarbons is constructed: isogyric (RC1) ⊇ isodesmic (RC2) ⊇ hypohomodesmotic (RC3) ⊇ homodesmotic (RC4) ⊇ hyperhomodesmotic (RC5). Each of these successively conserves larger molecular fragments. The concept of isodesmic bond separation reactions is generalized to all classes in this hierarchy, providing a unique sectioning of a given molecule for each reaction type. Several ab initio and density functional methods are applied to the bond separation reactions of 38 hydrocarbons containing five or six carbon atoms. RC4 and RC5 reactions provide bond separation enthalpies with errors consistently less than 0.4 kcal mol−1 across a wide range of theoretical levels, performing significantly better than the other reaction types and far superior to atomization routes. Our recommended bond separation reactions were demonstrated by determining the enthalpies of formation (at 298 K) of 1,3,5-hexatriyne (163.7 ± 0.4 kcal mol−1), 1,3,5,7-octatetrayne (217.6 ± 0.6 kcal mol−1), the larger polyynes C10H2 through C26H2, and an infinite acetylenic carbon chain.
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