The time course of attentional bias to cues of threat and safety
The time course of attentional bias to cues of threat and safety
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DOI：
10.1080/02699931.2016.1169998
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Theeuwes, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt, Lisette J.;Belopolsky, Artem V.;Theeuwes, Jan
众所周知，相对于中性刺激，注意偏向于处理传达威胁的刺激。在先前的一项研究中，一个特定的刺激（例如蓝色钻石）与电击的传递有关，恐惧条件刺激的存在干扰了自愿眼球运动到其他位置的执行。在这里，我们表明，这种效应不仅发生在早期，但仍然存在很长一段时间后，恐惧条件刺激从屏幕上删除。在随后的实验中，我们将特定刺激的存在与安全性联系起来，也就是说，当这种刺激存在时，可以肯定不会发生电击。安全信号刺激的存在也干扰了自愿眼跳的执行，但只有当刺激和提示呈现之间的时间相对较长。结果表明，威胁的信号和安全的信号都干扰执行眼跳后很长一段时间的威胁或安全的来源已被删除。然而，只有威胁刺激影响眼跳执行早期的时间，这表明威胁刺激驱动选择外生性。
It is well known that relative to neutral stimuli, attention is biased towards processing stimuli that convey threat. In a previous study in which a particular stimulus (e.g. a blue diamond) was associated with the delivery of an electrical shock, the presence of the fear-conditioned stimulus interfered with the execution of voluntary eye movements to other locations. Here, we show that this effect not only occurs early in time, but remains present long after the fear-conditioned stimulus was removed from the screen. In a subsequent experiment, we associated the presence of a particular stimulus with safety, that is, when this stimulus was present it was certain that no electrical shock would be delivered. The presence of the safety signalling stimulus also interfered with the execution of voluntary saccades, but only when the time between stimulus and cue presentation was relatively long. The results indicate that both signals of threat and signals of safety interfere with execution of a saccade long after the source of threat or safety has been removed. However, only threatening stimuli affect saccade execution early in time, suggesting that threatening stimuli drive selection exogenously.