Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows
Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2010-3303
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Drackley, J. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janovick, N. A.;Boisclair, Y. R.;Drackley, J. K.
本试验旨在探讨能量摄入预备平面对大鼠血脂代谢及血液和肝脏健康的影响。初产（n = 24）和多产（n = 23）荷斯坦犬按预产期随机分配到3种产前能量摄入量中的1种。高能量日粮[1.62 Mcal的哺乳净能(NEL)/kg]；饲喂15%粗蛋白质，可自由采食或限制采食，满足妊娠后期干奶牛能量需求的150% （OVR）或80% （RES）。为了将自由采食时的能量摄入限制在美国国家研究委员会要求的100%，在对照日粮中添加切碎的麦秸作为31.8%的干物质（CON， 1.21 Mcal /kg干物质，14.2%粗蛋白质）。无论胎次组，与CON或RES奶牛相比，OVR奶牛的血前葡萄糖、胰岛素和瘦素浓度更高；然而，饮食的影响并没有延续到产后。与CON和RES奶牛相比，OVR奶牛的预备非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）较低。然而，产后，随着NEFA水平高于CON或RES奶牛，OVR奶牛有证据表明，脂肪组织中三酰甘油（TAG）的动员更多，尤其是在产后的前10天。产前饮食对制备β -羟基丁酸酯（BHBA）无影响；但在产后10 d内，OVR奶牛的BHBA含量高于CON或RES奶牛。制剂日粮对制剂肝脏组成无影响；然而，与CON或RES奶牛相比，OVR奶牛产后总脂质和TAG浓度较高，糖原较低。OVR奶牛产后酮症和皱胃移位的发生率高于CON或RES奶牛。控制或限制孕前能量摄入产生的代谢结果在孕前和产后都非常相似，独立于胎次组。大体积饲粮的使用控制了多产奶牛和初产奶牛的孕前能量摄入，改善了产后代谢状况，减少了健康问题的发生。当综合考虑代谢特征时，过量饲喂能量准备的奶牛表现出“营养过剩综合征”，具有糖尿病或肥胖非反刍动物的临床症状特征。这种综合征可能导致产后代谢功能障碍。
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of prepartum plane of energy intake on metabolic profiles related to lipid metabolism and health in blood and liver. Primiparous (n = 24) and multiparous (n = 23) Holsteins were randomly assigned by expected date of parturition to 1 of 3 prepartum energy intakes. A high energy diet [1.62 Mcal of net energy for lactation (NEL)/kg; 15% crude protein] was fed for either ad libitum intake or restricted intake to supply 150% (OVR) or 80% (RES) of energy requirements for dry cows in late gestation. To limit energy intake to 100% of National Research Council requirements at ad libitum intake, chopped wheat straw was included as 31.8% of dry matter for a control diet (CON; 1.21 Mcal of NEL/kg of dry matter; 14.2% crude protein). Regardless of parity group, OVR cows had greater concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin in blood prepartum compared with either CON or RES cows; however, dietary effects did not carry over to the postpartum period. Prepartum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were lower in OVR cows compared with either CON or RES cows. Postpartum, however, OVR cows had evidence of greater mobilization of triacylglycerol (TAG) from adipose tissue as NEFA were higher than in CON or RES cows, especially within the first 10 d postpartum. Prepartum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was not affected by diet before parturition; however, within the first 10 d postpartum, OVR cows had greater BHBA than CON or RES cows. Prepartum diet did not affect liver composition prepartum; however, OVR cows had greater total lipid and TAG concentrations and lower glycogen postpartum than CON or RES cows. Frequency of ketosis and displaced abomasum was greater for OVR cows compared with CON or RES cows postpartum. Controlling or restricting prepartum energy intake yielded metabolic results that were strikingly similar both prepartum and postpartum, independent of parity group. The use of a bulky diet controlled prepartum energy intake in multiparous and primiparous cows, improved metabolic status postpartum, and reduced the incidence of health problems. When metabolic profiles are considered collectively, cows overfed energy prepartum exhibited an "overnutrition syndrome" with characteristics of clinical symptoms displayed by diabetic or obese nonruminant subjects. This syndrome likely contributed to metabolic dysfunction postpartum.