Hierarchically structured composites for ultrafast liquid sensing and smart leak-plugging
Hierarchically structured composites for ultrafast liquid sensing and smart leak-plugging
复制标题
用于超快液体传感和智能堵漏的分层结构复合材料
DOI：
10.1039/c7cp02293j
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lu C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu X.;Han Y.;Zhang X.;Lu C.
导电聚合物复合材料（CPC）由于其在液体刺激下电导率的变化而被广泛地开发为显著的液体传感材料。然而，液体传感CPC的大多数进展仅限于散装材料。由于液体缓慢渗透到紧凑的CPC中，对于大多数现有的基于CPC的液体传感材料，迟缓的响应是不可避免的。在这里，我们开发了一类新的液体传感材料，通过分层结构设计。通过层层组装的方法，在多孔聚氨酯（PU）骨架上包覆一层具有隔离导电网络的CPC薄层，从而在CPC@PU复合材料中形成精心设计的分层结构。在这种分层结构下，CPC@PU复合材料对溶剂刺激表现出超快响应（0.05 - 0.15 s），比现有技术的复合材料快103个数量级。液体传感后，在热空气下可以实现快速再生（10 s内）。据此，制备了有机液体和气体传感器以及液体传感电子皮肤。此外，我们还利用CPC@PU复合材料对材料中微孔的溶胀堵塞作用，制备了智能快速堵漏材料。本文提出的这种结构策略为制造实时液体传感和封堵材料开辟了令人兴奋的途径，揭示了在油田开发，溶剂储存/运输，环境监测等方面的潜在应用。
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been intensively exploited as remarkable liquid sensing materials based on variations in their conductivity under liquid stimuli. However, most advances in liquid sensing CPCs are limited to bulk materials. Due to the slow permeation of liquids into the compact CPCs, sluggish responses are inevitable for most existing CPC-based liquid sensing materials. Here, we developed a new class of liquid sensing materials via a hierarchical structure design. Specifically, a thin CPC layer with a segregated conductive network was coated on porous polyurethane (PU) skeletons by layer-by-layer assembly, forming an elaborately designed hierarchical structure in the prepared CPC@PU composites. With this hierarchical structure, the CPC@PU composites exhibited ultrafast responses (0.05–0.15 s) to solvent stimuli, which are ∼3 orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art composites. After liquid sensing, quick regeneration (within 10 s) could be achieved under hot-air. Accordingly, organic liquid and gas sensors and liquid-sensing electronic skins were fabricated. Furthermore, we prepared smart and fast leak-plugging materials using the CPC@PU composites based on the swelling-induced blocking of micropores in the materials. This structural strategy proposed here opens up exciting avenues towards manufacturing real-time liquid sensing and plugging materials, revealing potential applications in oilfield exploitation, solvent storage/transportation, environmental monitoring, etc.