Testing natural selection vs. genetic drift in phenotypic evolution using quantitative trait locus data.
Testing natural selection vs. genetic drift in phenotypic evolution using quantitative trait locus data.
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作者：
H. Orr
进化生物学家长期以来一直在寻找一种方法来确定两个分类群之间的表型差异是由自然选择还是随机遗传漂变引起的。在这里，我认为数量性状位点（QTL）分析的数据可以用来检验中性表型进化的零假设。我提出了一个符号检验，将观察到的“高线”上的正、负等位基因的数量与在中性条件下的预期数量进行比较，以已知的分类群之间的表型差异为条件。拒绝零假设意味着定向自然选择的作用。本试验适用于任何生物体的任何性状，可以进行QTL分析。
Evolutionary biologists have long sought a way to determine whether a phenotypic difference between two taxa was caused by natural selection or random genetic drift. Here I argue that data from quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses can be used to test the null hypothesis of neutral phenotypic evolution. I propose a sign test that compares the observed number of plus and minus alleles in the "high line" with that expected under neutrality, conditioning on the known phenotypic difference between the taxa. Rejection of the null hypothesis implies a role for directional natural selection. This test is applicable to any character in any organism in which QTL analysis can be performed.