Naked Mole-Rats: Blind, Naked, and Feeling No Pain
Naked Mole-Rats: Blind, Naked, and Feeling No Pain
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.23996
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Park, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Browe, Brigitte M.;Vice, Emily N.;Park, Thomas J.
在世界各地和不同的分类群中，地下哺乳动物在形态学上表现出显著的趋同进化（例如，外耳缩小，眼睛小，四肢和尾巴缩短）。感觉系统也是如此（例如，丧失物体视觉和高频听觉）。裸鼹鼠（Heterocephalus glaber）显示了这些典型的地下特征，但即使在地下哺乳动物中也有不寻常的特征。裸鼹鼠是冷血动物，完全无毛，非常长寿（> 30岁），并且是群居动物（像白蚁）。他们也生活在大的殖民地，这是非常不寻常的submergeans。他们的皮层组织减少了视觉处理的区域，利用30%以上的皮层进行触觉处理。它们对缺氧具有极强的耐受性，可以从18分钟的缺氧中恢复。他们的疼痛途径减少，他们感觉不到酸中毒的疼痛。他们是唯一的啮齿动物测试日期的信息素检测犁鼻器显示没有出生后的增长。这些特征可能是该物种的“极端地下生活方式”的结果，这种生活方式结合了地下生活和大型殖民地生活。许多有呼吸能力的动物挤在不通风的洞穴里，会使二氧化碳浓度升高，高到足以引起酸中毒疼痛，并使氧气浓度降低到足以杀死其他哺乳动物。裸鼹鼠可能是适应地下生活的极端模型，并提供了对地下生活限制的进化适应的复杂相互作用的见解。Anat Rec，2018年。(c)2018年美国解剖学协会
Around the world and across taxa, subterranean mammals show remarkable convergent evolution in morphology (e.g., reduced external ears, small eyes, shortened limbs and tails). This is true of sensory systems as well (e.g., loss of object vision and high frequency hearing). The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) displays these typical subterranean features, but also has unusual characteristics even among subterranean mammals. Naked mole-rats are cold-blooded, completely furless, very long-lived (> 30 years), and eusocial (like termites). They also live in large colonies, which is very unusual for subterraneans. Their cortical organization has reduced area for visual processing, utilizing 30% more cortex for tactile processing. They are extremely tolerant to oxygen deprivation, and can recover from 18 min of anoxia. Their pain pathway is reduced and they feel no pain from acidosis. They are the only rodent tested to date whose pheromone-detecting vomeronasal organ shows no postnatal growth. These features may be a result of this species' "extreme subterranean lifestyle" that combines living underground and living in large colonies. Many respiring animals cramped together in unventilated burrows elevates CO2 levels, high enough to cause acidosis pain, and depletes O-2 concentrations low enough to kill other mammals. The naked mole-rat may be an extreme model of adaptation to subterranean life and provides insights into the complex interplay of evolutionary adaptations to the constraints of subterranean living. Anat Rec, 2018. (c) 2018 American Association for Anatomy.