Shifting seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Japan, 1973-2003
Shifting seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Japan, 1973-2003
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03900.x
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Yoneyama, Tetsuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiyohara, Tomoko;Sato, Tomoko;Yoneyama, Tetsuo
背景甲型肝炎是由甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）通过粪口传播引起的。感染后可获得终身免疫力。卫生条件的改善使甲型肝炎的发病率普遍显著下降。然而，低感染率导致HAV易感性增加。本研究调查了2003年日本抗HAV抗体的流行情况，并阐明了目前HAV的状况和HAV的易感性。方法.在2003年期间，从年龄从0 - 92岁的日本人中收集了总共2，430份血清样本，使用抑制酶联免疫吸附试验检测抗HAV抗体。所有标本均来自WHO和国家血清参考库/日本东京国立传染病研究所。结果总的血清阳性率为12.2%。在0 - 44岁之间的个体中很少检测到抗HAV抗体。从45 - 49岁开始，血清阳性率逐渐增加，一直到65岁及以上。血清阳性率不受性别的影响，地理分布不影响年龄特异性血清阳性率，直到60岁。结论.在日本，甲型肝炎病毒的易感性每年都在增加。其中，2003年50岁以上人群抗-HAV抗体阳性率为50.3%，明显低于1994年（74.3%）、1984年（96.9%）和1973年（96.9%）的相应研究结果。随着高龄易感人群的增加，甲型肝炎病毒感染率也随之增高.开展甲型肝炎抗体流行监测，有助于采取预防措施，控制甲型肝炎的传播。
Background. Hepatitis A infection is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) contracted through fecal-oral transmission. Life-long immunity is conferred after infection. Improved sanitary conditions have generally resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis A. However, a low incidence of infection results in increased HAV susceptibility. The present study investigates the prevalence of anti-HAV antibody and clarifies the current HAV status and HAV susceptibility in Japan at 2003. Methods. A total of 2,430 serum specimens collected during 2003 from Japanese individuals ranging in age from 0-92 years, were tested for anti-HAV antibody using an inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. All specimens were obtained from the WHO and the National Serum Reference Bank/National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Results. The overall seroprevalence was 12.2%. Anti-HAV antibodies were rarely detected in individuals between 0-44 years of age. Starting from the age of 45-49 years, seropositivity gradually increased through age 65 years and above. Seroprevalence was not affected by gender, and geographic distribution did not affect age-specific seroprevalence until the age of 60 years. Conclusions. HAV susceptibility in Japan is increasing annually. Particularly, the prevalence of anti-HAV antibody in individuals older than 50 years in 2003 was 50.3%, which is significantly lower than that of corresponding studies in 1994 (74.3%), 1984 (96.9%) and 1973 (96.9%). The growing susceptible population of advanced age results in more frequent HAV infection among them. The surveillance of anti-HAV antibody prevalence is useful for implementing preventive measures and for controlling the spread of HAV.