Recent achievements obtained by chloroplast transformation.
Recent achievements obtained by chloroplast transformation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13007-017-0179-1
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Feyissa T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adem M;Beyene D;Feyissa T
叶绿体对地球上生命的持续健康起着重要作用。它们拥有的能量和原材料可以用作复杂的生物工厂。它们富含能量，因为它们有许多能够收集阳光的色素蛋白质复合物，光合作用产生的糖和从植物细胞进口的矿物质。叶绿体基因组转化提供了超过核基因组的多种优势，其中包括：- 通过同源重组整合转基因，其能够消除基因沉默和位置效应，更高水平的转基因表达导致外源蛋白的更高积累，以及由于母本遗传而导致的转基因的环境分散的显著减少，这有助于使植物遗传的主要批评最小化，工程.叶绿体基因工程在植物抗逆性培育、有毒金属的植物修复、疫苗抗原、生物药物、生物燃料、生物材料和工业酶的生产等方面取得了丰硕的成果。虽然已经取得了成功的结果，但仍然存在困难，阻碍了叶绿体转化技术的充分潜力开发和经济植物的扩展。这些问题包括，缺乏物种特异性调控序列，选择和芽再生的问题，以及外源基因的大量表达导致转质体植物的表型改变。本文综述了叶绿体转化的最新进展，并着重介绍了不同经济性状的叶绿体转化。
Chloroplasts play a great role for sustained wellbeing of life on the planet. They have the power and raw materials that can be used as sophisticated biological factories. They are rich in energy as they have lots of pigment-protein complexes capable of collecting sunlight, in sugar produced by photosynthesis and in minerals imported from the plant cell. Chloroplast genome transformation offers multiple advantages over nuclear genome which among others, include: integration of the transgene via homologus recombination that enables to eliminate gene silencing and position effect, higher level of transgene expression resulting into higher accumulations of foreign proteins, and significant reduction in environmental dispersion of the transgene due to maternal inheritance which helps to minimize the major critic of plant genetic engineering. Chloroplast genetic engineering has made fruit full progresses in the development of plants resistance to various stresses, phytoremediation of toxic metals, and production of vaccine antigens, biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. Although successful results have been achieved, there are still difficulties impeding full potential exploitation and expansion of chloroplast transformation technology to economical plants. These include, lack of species specific regulatory sequences, problem of selection and shoot regeneration, and massive expression of foreign genes resulting in phenotypic alterations of transplastomic plants. The aim of this review is to critically recapitulate the latest development of chloroplast transformation with special focus on the different traits of economic interest.