Pangenomic Approach To Understanding Microbial Adaptations within a Model Built Environment, the International Space Station, Relative to Human Hosts and Soil
Pangenomic Approach To Understanding Microbial Adaptations within a Model Built Environment, the International Space Station, Relative to Human Hosts and Soil
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00281-18
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Hartmann, Erica M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blaustein, Ryan A.;McFarland, Alexander G.;Hartmann, Erica M.
了解建筑环境（BE）中微生物持久性的潜在机制对于从战略上减轻潜在的健康风险至关重要。为了验证BE施加选择性压力导致特征适应性反应的假设，我们进行了泛基因组学荟萃分析，利用189个基因组（从GenBank访问）的两个流行病学上重要的类群，蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，分离自不同的来源：国际空间站（ISS;一个模型BE），地球上的BE，土壤和人类。我们的目标是（i）确定通才和宿主相关生物的泛基因组组成的差异，（ii）表征BE相关选择中涉及的基因和功能，以及（iii）确定ISS衍生菌株的基因组特征与宇航员健康潜在相关。B的泛基因组。cereus比S.金黄色葡萄球菌，其具有占主导地位的核心成分。这两个类群的基因组含量显着相关的分离物的起源，表现出重要的地理和潜在的生态位适应。ISS/BE富集的功能通常涉及生物合成、催化、物质运输、代谢和应激反应。多个起源丰富的功能也重叠在分类群，这表明保守的适应过程。我们进一步表征了两个移动的遗传元件，其具有编码生物合成和应激反应功能的局部邻近基因，这些基因与B明显相关。来自国际空间站的蜡状星云虽然抗生素耐药基因存在于ISS/BE分离株中，但它们在其他地方的对应物中也很常见。总体而言，尽管微生物生活方式存在差异，但有些功能似乎在BE中保持活力，并且这些功能通常不会对人类健康产生直接影响。重要性建筑环境中含有各种微生物，其中一些会对人类健康造成严重风险（例如，微生物对人体健康的影响）。例如，在一个实施例中，医院获得性感染、抗生素耐药性传播）。我们发现了一个复杂的生物功能的组合，可能发挥作用的细菌生存的假设选择压力下，在一个模型建立的环境-国际空间站-通过使用一种方法来比较泛基因组的细菌菌株从两个临床相关的物种（B。cereus和S.金黄色葡萄球菌）。我们的研究结果表明，参与这种潜在适应性反应的最关键的细菌功能是特定于细菌的生活方式，似乎对人类健康没有直接影响。
Understanding underlying mechanisms involved in microbial persistence in the built environment (BE) is essential for strategically mitigating potential health risks. To test the hypothesis that BEs impose selective pressures resulting in characteristic adaptive responses, we performed a pangenomics meta-analysis leveraging 189 genomes (accessed from GenBank) of two epidemiologically important taxa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from various origins: the International Space Station (ISS; a model BE), Earth-based BEs, soil, and humans. Our objectives were to (i) identify differences in the pangenomic composition of generalist and host-associated organisms, (ii) characterize genes and functions involved in BE-associated selection, and (iii) identify genomic signatures of ISS-derived strains of potential relevance for astronaut health. The pangenome of B. cereus was more expansive than that of S. aureus, which had a dominant core component. Genomic contents of both taxa significantly correlated with isolate origin, demonstrating an importance for biogeography and potential niche adaptations. ISS/BE-enriched functions were often involved in biosynthesis, catabolism, materials transport, metabolism, and stress response. Multiple origin-enriched functions also overlapped across taxa, suggesting conserved adaptive processes. We further characterized two mobile genetic elements with local neighborhood genes encoding biosynthesis and stress response functions that distinctively associated with B. cereus from the ISS. Although antibiotic resistance genes were present in ISS/BE isolates, they were also common in counterparts elsewhere. Overall, despite differences in microbial lifestyle, some functions appear common to remaining viable in the BE, and those functions are not typically associated with direct impacts on human health.IMPORTANCE The built environment contains a variety of microorganisms, some of which pose critical human health risks (e. g., hospital-acquired infection, antibiotic resistance dissemination). We uncovered a combination of complex biological functions that may play a role in bacterial survival under the presumed selective pressures in a model built environment-the International Space Station-by using an approach to compare pangenomes of bacterial strains from two clinically relevant species (B. cereus and S. aureus) isolated from both built environments and humans. Our findings suggest that the most crucial bacterial functions involved in this potential adaptive response are specific to bacterial lifestyle and do not appear to have direct impacts on human health.