Understanding risk: A guide for the perplexed
Understanding risk: A guide for the perplexed
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DOI：
10.3758/cabn.8.4.348
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Glimcher, Paul W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glimcher, Paul W.
在过去的十年中，神经生物学家对从经济学引入的概念和模型越来越感兴趣。随着单单位生理学家和人类认知神经科学家寻找价值和选择的经济理论的生物相关性，“风险”、“风险厌恶”和“效用”等术语在神经科学文献中变得司空见惯。然而，在神经科学家中，对这些概念的不完全理解导致了越来越多的混乱，这可能会阻碍这一领域的快速发展。更令人困惑的是，风险的概念是最近从金融学引入的，金融学使用的数学工具虽然形式上相关，但却截然不同。当然，经济学、金融学和神经科学传统的混合只会在长期内是有益的，但真正理解每个领域的概念机制是获得这种好处的先决条件。考虑到这一点，我在这里概述了风险和决策的经济和金融概念。本文首先概述了经典的经济方法的风险，发展伯努利。然后，它解释了古典传统和现代新古典经济学方法对这些相同概念的重要差异。最后，我对金融传统及其与经济传统的关系做了一个非常简短的概述。对于新手来说，这应该提供了一个合理的介绍概念，从“风险厌恶”到“风险溢价”。"
Over the course of the past decade, neurobiologists have become increasingly interested in concepts and models imported from economics. Terms such as "risk," "risk aversion," and "utility" have become commonplace in the neuroscientific literature as single-unit physiologists and human cognitive neuroscientists search for the biological correlates of economic theories of value and choice. Among neuroscientists, an incomplete understanding of these concepts has, however, led to a growing confusion that threatens to check the rapid advances in this area. Adding to the confusion, notions of risk have more recently been imported from finance, which employs quite different, although formally related, mathematical tools. Of course, the mixing of economic, financial, and neuroscientific traditions can only be beneficial in the long run, but truly understanding the conceptual machinery of each area is a prerequisite for obtaining that benefit. With that in mind, I present here an overview of economic and financial notions of risk and decision. The article begins with an overview of the classical economic approach to risk, as developed by Bernoulli. It then explains the important differences between the classical tradition and modem neoclassical economic approaches to these same concepts. Finally, I present a very brief overview of the financial tradition and its relation to the economic tradition. For novices, this should provide a reasonable introduction to concepts ranging from "risk aversion" to "risk premiums."