Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man
Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man
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人类不存在形态上独特的副神经颅根的解剖学证据
DOI：
10.1002/ca.1084
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Rosse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Lachman;R. Acland;C. Rosse
副神经通常被描述为具有颅根和脊根。根据标准描述，颅根（或部分）是由从橄榄和小脑下脚之间的髓质中出现的细根形成的。这些细根被认为与脊根相连，短暂地随其移动，然后在颈静脉孔内分离，成为迷走神经的一部分。在 15 个新鲜标本中，我们通过枕骨大孔的冠状切口暴露后颅窝，并探索从后橄榄沟内产生的每个后髓根 (PMR) 的走向。我们选择橄榄的尾端作为髓质尾端的标志。在所有标本中，每条对舌咽神经没有贡献的 PMR 都在颈静脉孔处与迷走神经相连。橄榄尾端与构成迷走神经的最尾端 PMR 起点之间的距离范围为 1-21 毫米（平均值 = 8.8 毫米）。所有连接副神经的细根都出现在橄榄的尾部。距橄榄尾端和最前端副根的距离范围为 1-15 毫米（平均值 = 5.4 毫米）。我们无法证明颈静脉孔内的副神经和迷走神经之间有任何联系。我们的研究结果表明，副神经没有颅根；它仅由迄今为止称为脊根的结构组成。临床。阿纳特。 15:4–10, 2002。© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The accessory nerve is conventionally described as having a cranial and spinal root. According to standard descriptions the cranial root (or part) is formed by rootlets that emerge from the medulla between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. These rootlets are considered to join the spinal root, travel with it briefly, then separate within the jugular foramen to become part of the vagus nerve. In 15 fresh specimens we exposed the posterior cranial fossa with a coronal cut through the foramen magnum and explored the course of each posterior medullary rootlet (PMR) arising from within the retro‐olivary groove. We chose the caudal end of the olive as the landmark for the caudal end of the medulla. In all specimens every PMR that did not contribute to the glossopharyngeal nerve joined the vagus nerve at the jugular foramen. The distance between the caudal limit of the olive and the origin of the most caudal PMR that contributed to the vagus nerve ranged from 1–21 mm (mean = 8.8 mm). All rootlets that joined the accessory nerve arose caudal to the olive. The distance from the caudal limit of the olive and the most rostral accessory rootlet ranged from 1–15 mm (mean = 5.4 mm). We were unable to demonstrate any connection between the accessory and vagus nerves within the jugular foramen. Our findings indicate that the accessory nerve has no cranial root; it consists only of the structure hitherto referred to as its spinal root. Clin. Anat. 15:4–10, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.