Using Direct Phloem Transport Manipulation to Advance Understanding of Carbon Dynamics in Forest Trees
Using Direct Phloem Transport Manipulation to Advance Understanding of Carbon Dynamics in Forest Trees
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DOI：
10.3389/ffgc.2019.00011
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
T. Rademacher;D. Basler;Annemarie H Eckes-Shephard;P. Fonti;A. Friend;James M. Le Moine;A. Richardson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Rademacher;D. Basler;Annemarie H Eckes-Shephard;P. Fonti;A. Friend;James M. Le Moine;A. Richardson
树木内部的碳动态对于生理功能，特别是生长和存活，以及多个时间尺度上的生态相互作用具有内在的重要性。因此，这些内部动态在全球碳循环中发挥着关键作用，通过分配到不同的组织和库，如树叶，木材，储存和分泌物，确定碳在森林中的停留时间。尽管树木内部碳动力学的重要性，我们的理解是如何在树木中使用碳，一旦吸收，有重大差距。在树木中，将碳从源运输到汇的主要组织是韧皮部。因此，直接韧皮部运输操纵技术有可能提高内部碳动力学的许多方面的理解。这些包括碳同化，非结构性碳的可用性，呼吸生长和组织维护，分配，并重新动员，存储储备，和长期封存在木质部结构组织之间的关系。审查的目的是：（1）介绍了直接韧皮部运输操纵的主题，（2）描述了三种最常见的直接韧皮部运输操纵方法，并回顾了它们的机制，即（i）环剥，（ii）压缩和（iii）冷却，（3）总结了这些操纵对森林树木碳动态和使用的已知影响，（4）讨论了潜在的附带效应并比较了这些方法。最后（5）强调与树木碳动态和使用有关的突出关键问题，并提出使用直接韧皮部运输操纵解决这些问题的方法。
Carbon dynamics within trees are intrinsically important for physiological functioning, in particular growth and survival, as well as ecological interactions on multiple timescales. Thus, these internal dynamics play a key role in the global carbon cycle by determining the residence time of carbon in forests via allocation to different tissues and pools, such as leaves, wood, storage, and exudates. Despite the importance of tree internal carbon dynamics, our understanding of how carbon is used in trees, once assimilated, has major gaps. The primary tissue that transports carbon from sources to sinks within a tree is the phloem. Therefore, direct phloem transport manipulation techniques have the potential to improve understanding of numerous aspects of internal carbon dynamics. These include relationships between carbon assimilation, nonstructural carbon availability, respiration for growth and tissue maintenance, allocation to, and remobilization from, storage reserves, and long-term sequestration in lignified structural tissues. This review aims to: (1) introduce the topic of direct phloem transport manipulations, (2) describe the three most common methods of direct phloem transport manipulation and review their mechanisms, namely (i) girdling, (ii) compression and (iii) chilling; (3) summarize the known impacts of these manipulations on carbon dynamics and use in forest trees; (4) discuss potential collateral effects and compare the methods; and finally (5) highlight outstanding key questions that relate to tree carbon dynamics and use, and propose ways to address them using direct phloem transport manipulation.