Asian origin and rapid global spread of the destructive dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans
Asian origin and rapid global spread of the destructive dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03387.x
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hogberg, Nils
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kauserud, Havard;Svegarden, Ingeborg Bjorvand;Hogberg, Nils
担子菌干腐病是温带地区木质建筑材料的最大破坏者。虽然它是一种广泛存在的侵袭性室内生物降解剂，但只在少数自然环境中发现。因此，这种真菌在人类环境中传播和定居的地理来源多少是一个谜。利用遗传标记(扩增片段长度多态、DNA序列和微卫星)，我们发现干腐菌分为两个主要谱系：一个是自然生活在北美和亚洲的非侵袭性真菌(var.和另一个具有侵略性的谱系，包括来自所有大陆的标本，既来自自然环境，也来自建筑(var.花毛虫)。我们的遗传分析表明，这两个谱系代表了分化良好的隐蔽物种。遗传分析确定亚洲大陆是侵略性形式var的起源。花花公子。少数攻击性基因已从亚洲迁移到欧洲、北美、南美洲和大洋洲，随后当地人口扩张。创始人群体中非常低的遗传变异表明，他们是通过最近的创始人事件建立起来的，例如通过陆路或海上运输受感染的木材材料。从亚洲大陆到日本都发生了单独的殖民活动。我们的数据还表明，大洋洲发生了来自不同大陆的独立移民事件，其次是混血事件。
The dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Basidiomycota) is the most damaging destroyer of wood construction materials in temperate regions. While being a widespread aggressive indoor biodeterioration agent, it is only found in a few natural environments. The geographical source of spread and colonization by this fungus in human environments is thus somewhat of an enigma. Employing genetic markers (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, DNA sequences and microsatellites) on a worldwide sample of specimens, we show that the dry rot fungus is divided into two main lineages; one nonaggressive residing naturally in North America and Asia (var. shastensis), and another aggressive lineage including specimens from all continents, both from natural environments and buildings (var. lacrymans). Our genetic analyses indicate that the two lineages represent well-differentiated cryptic species. Genetic analyses pinpoint mainland Asia as the origin of the aggressive form var. lacrymans. A few aggressive genotypes have migrated worldwide from Asia to Europe, North and South America and Oceania followed by local population expansions. The very low genetic variation in the founder populations indicate that they have established through recent founder events, for example by infected wood materials transported over land or sea. A separate colonization has happened from mainland Asia to Japan. Our data also indicate that independent immigration events have happened to Oceania from different continents followed by admixture.