Effects of feeding frequency on feed leaching loss and grow-out patterns of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed under a diurnal feeding regime in pond enclosures
Effects of feeding frequency on feed leaching loss and grow-out patterns of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed under a diurnal feeding regime in pond enclosures
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.013
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发表时间：
2006-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
E. A. Carvalho;A. Nunes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. A. Carvalho;A. Nunes
饲料管理在养虾场的经济和环境状况中发挥着重要作用。它涉及一些基本方面，例如何时、何地以及多少喂食。在池塘条件下进行了研究，以确定投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾生长模式的影响。还研究了不同水暴露时期的粗蛋白（CP）、脂质和干物质（DM）的饲料损失。在一个商业养虾场，在 7.43 公顷的养成池中安装了 25 个 50 m2 的开放式底部围栏（5 个处理和 5 个重复），并以 80 只虾/m2（2.7±1.52 g 体重）进行放养。虾饲喂商业颗粒饲料，仅在饲喂盘 2（0700 和 1700 小时）、3（0700、1100 和 1500 小时）、4（0700、1000、1300 和 1500 小时）、5（0700、0900、1200、1500 和 1500 小时）中投放。 1700 小时）和每天 6 次（0700、0900、1100、1300、1500 和 1700 时）。连续 24 小时提供饲料，并在下次饲喂时收集剩余物。水浸泡8小时后，饲料CP和脂质水平分别从39.58%下降到34.07%和9.25%下降到7.88%。在研究期间，饲料CP和脂质的浸出没有统计学差异。长时间暴露于给水会导致干物质显着损失。水浸泡第一小时后，DM 浸出量达到 4.65±0.34%，8 小时达到峰值（10.20±0.48%）。虾在生长第84天收获，此时平均体重范围为9.7±1.75至10.9±1.90克。采用较高的昼间喂食频率并不能检测到对虾性能的益处。虽然每天饲喂五次的虾表现出优异的养成性能指数，但在收获时，不同饲喂处理之间的虾存活率（64.1±11.7%）、虾产量（0.46±0.08 kg/m2）和饲料转化率（2.85±1.42）没有检测到统计差异。此外，在整个饲养周期中，没有检测到与饲养处理相关的一致的生长模式。本研究表明，当仅每周调整饲料定量时，使用虾估计生物量作为唯一标准，每天提供饲料超过两次对南美白对虾的生长不利。
Feed management plays a major role in the economical and environmental status of shrimp farms. It involves basic aspects such as when, where and how much to feed. Studies were conducted under pond conditions in order to determine the effects of feeding frequency on the grow-out patterns of Litopenaeus vannamei. Feed loss of crude protein (CP), lipid and dry matter (DM) over different water exposure periods were also investigated. In a commercial shrimp farm, 25 open-bottom enclosures (5 treatments and 5 replicates) of 50 m2each were installed in a 7.43-ha grow-out pond and stocked at 80 shrimp/m2(2.7±1.52 g body weight). Shrimp were fed a commercial pelleted feed, delivered exclusively in feeding trays 2 (at 0700 and 1700 hours), 3 (at 0700, 1100 and 1500 hours), 4 (at 0700, 1000, 1300 and 1500 hours), 5 (at 0700, 0900, 1200, 1500 and 1700 hours) and 6 times/day (at 0700, 0900, 1100, 1300, 1500 and 1700 hours). Feed was made available over continuous 24-h periods and remains were collected at next feeding. After 8 h of water immersion, feed CP and lipid level dropped from 39.58% to 34.07% and from 9.25% to 7.88%, respectively. Leaching of feed CP and lipid was not statistically different over the study period. Long feed water exposure generated significant losses in DM. Leaching of DM reached 4.65±0.34% after the first hour of water immersion, peaking at 8 h (10.20±0.48%). Shrimp were harvested at day 84 of grow-out, when average body weight ranged from 9.7±1.75 to 10.9±1.90 g. No shrimp performance benefit could be detected by adopting higher diurnal feeding frequencies. Although shrimp fed five times/day showed superior grow-out performance indices, at harvest no statistical differences were detected in shrimp survival (64.1±11.7%), shrimp yield (0.46±0.08 kg/m2) and feed conversion ratio (2.85±1.42) between feeding treatments. Also, no consistent growth pattern could be detected in relation to feeding treatments over the rearing cycle. The present study demonstrated that when feed rations are only adjusted at a weekly basis, using as the only criteria shrimp estimated biomass, delivering feed more than twice per day is not advantageous in the grow-out of L. vannamei.