Management increases genetic diversity of honey bees via admixture
Management increases genetic diversity of honey bees via admixture
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05614.x
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Zayed, Amro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harpur, Brock A.;Minaei, Shermineh;Zayed, Amro
驯化的过程往往会给动植物的遗传变异水平带来深刻的变化。几个世纪以来，人类一直在管理蜜蜂（Apis mellifera），用于生产蜂蜜和蜡以及作物授粉。据信，人类管理和选择性育种导致蜜蜂种群遗传多样性减少，从而导致全球蜜蜂数量下降，威胁到这种具有生态和经济重要性的昆虫。然而，以前支持这一说法的研究主要依赖于欧洲和非洲（或非洲化）蜜蜂种族的群体遗传比较;这些结论需要重新评估，因为最近的证据表明蜜蜂起源于非洲，并通过两次独立的扩张殖民欧洲。我们从北美和欧洲的两个管理种群以及非洲、东欧和西欧的几个旧世界祖先种群中取样了蜜蜂工人。管理的蜜蜂基因组高度渗入，代表东欧和西欧祖先种群之间的混合物。我们发现，管理的蜜蜂实际上有更高水平的遗传多样性与他们的祖先在东欧和西欧，提供了一个不寻常的例子，人类管理，通过促进混合物增加遗传多样性。遗传多样性和蜜蜂数量下降之间的关系是脆弱的，因为管理的蜜蜂比它们的祖先和许多可行的驯养动物有更多的遗传多样性。
The process of domestication often brings about profound changes in levels of genetic variation in animals and plants. The honey bee, Apis mellifera, has been managed by humans for centuries for both honey and wax production and crop pollination. Human management and selective breeding are believed to have caused reductions in genetic diversity in honey bee populations, thereby contributing to the global declines threatening this ecologically and economically important insect. However, previous studies supporting this claim mostly relied on population genetic comparisons of European and African (or Africanized) honey bee races; such conclusions require reassessment given recent evidence demonstrating that the honey bee originated in Africa and colonized Europe via two independent expansions. We sampled honey bee workers from two managed populations in North America and Europe as well as several old-world progenitor populations in Africa, East and West Europe. Managed bees had highly introgressed genomes representing admixture between East and West European progenitor populations. We found that managed honey bees actually have higher levels of genetic diversity compared with their progenitors in East and West Europe, providing an unusual example whereby human management increases genetic diversity by promoting admixture. The relationship between genetic diversity and honey bee declines is tenuous given that managed bees have more genetic diversity than their progenitors and many viable domesticated animals.