Learning of a Sequential Motor Skill Comprises Explicit and Implicit Components That Consolidate Differently
Learning of a Sequential Motor Skill Comprises Explicit and Implicit Components That Consolidate Differently
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.01138.2007
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Krakauer, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ghilardi, M. Felice;Moisello, Clara;Krakauer, John W.
Ghilardi MF、Moisello C、Silvestri G、Ghez C、Krakauer JW。顺序运动技能的学习包括以不同方式巩固的显性和隐性成分。 《神经生理学杂志》101：2218-2229，2009 年。首次发表于 2008 年 12 月 10 日； doi：10.1152/jn.01138.2007。执行准确的顺序运动的能力对于正常的运动功能至关重要。学习顺序运动行为由两个基本组成部分组成：显式识别顺序元素应执行的顺序以及隐式获取每个元素的空间精度。在这里，我们研究了学习第一序列（SEQA）的这些组件的时间过程以及它们对学习第二序列（SEQB）干扰的敏感性。我们用离散指数、正确预期运动的数量来评估外显学习，用连续变量、空间误差来评估内隐学习，在没有主体意识的学习过程中，空间误差会减少。仅当整个序列顺序已知时，单个序列元素的空间精度才能达到渐近水平。即使在 SEQA 后 24 小时学习 SEQB，对 SEQA 顺序回忆的干扰仍然存在。然而，随着 SEQA 初始训练的增加，对 SEQB 的干扰产生了抵抗。对于空间精度的隐式学习，SEQB 在 SEQA 后 5 分钟而不是 24 小时进行干扰。与序列顺序的情况一样，长时间使用 SEQA 进行初始训练会诱导对 SEQB 干扰的抵抗力。我们得出的结论是，显式序列学习更容易受到顺行干扰，隐式序列学习更容易受到逆行干扰。然而，两者都会对饱和训练的干扰产生抵抗力。我们提出，运动技能学习的一个基本特征是离散的显性任务元素与连续的隐性运动特征相结合以形成完美的顺序动作的过程。
Ghilardi MF, Moisello C, Silvestri G, Ghez C, Krakauer JW. Learning of a sequential motor skill comprises explicit and implicit components that consolidate differently. J Neurophysiol 101: 2218-2229, 2009. First published December 10, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.01138.2007. The ability to perform accurate sequential movements is essential to normal motor function. Learning a sequential motor behavior is comprised of two basic components: explicit identification of the order in which the sequence elements should be performed and implicit acquisition of spatial accuracy for each element. Here we investigated the time course of learning of these components for a first sequence (SEQA) and their susceptibility to interference from learning a second sequence (SEQB). We assessed explicit learning with a discrete index, the number of correct anticipatory movements, and implicit learning with a continuous variable, spatial error, which decreased during learning without subject awareness. Spatial accuracy to individual sequence elements reached asymptotic levels only when the whole sequence order was known. Interference with recall of the order of SEQA persisted even when SEQB was learned 24 h after SEQA. However, there was resistance to interference by SEQB with increased initial training with SEQA. For implicit learning of spatial accuracy, SEQB interfered at 5 min but not 24 h after SEQA. As in the case of sequence order, prolonged initial training with SEQA induced resistance to interference by SEQB. We conclude that explicit sequence learning is more susceptible to anterograde interference and implicit sequence learning is more susceptible to retrograde interference. However, both become resistant to interference with saturation training. We propose that an essential feature of motor skill learning is the process by which discrete explicit task elements are combined with continuous implicit features of movement to form flawless sequential actions.