Cardanol as a versatile platform for fabrication of bio-based flame-retardant epoxy thermosets as DGEBA substitutes
Cardanol as a versatile platform for fabrication of bio-based flame-retardant epoxy thermosets as DGEBA substitutes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cej.2021.129738
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Xin Wang;Haoxin Niu;Wenwen Guo;Lei Song;Yuan Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xin Wang;Haoxin Niu;Wenwen Guo;Lei Song;Yuan Hu
由于人们对环境保护和可持续发展政策的日益重视，高性能热固性聚合物的发展在过去十年中引起了广泛的研究兴趣。本文合成了三种腰果酚环氧单体CFGE、ECF和ECFGE，并选择了具有上级热稳定性和机械强度的ECFGE进行阻燃处理。ECFGE随后与腰果酚衍生的磷酸酯（DPP-CFR）组合以获得作为二缩水甘油醚双酚A（DGEBA）型环氧替代物的阻燃生物基环氧材料。CFGE、ECF、ECFGE和DPP-CFR的化学结构通过核磁共振和元素分析表征。采用非等温DSC研究了DPP-CFR对ECFGE/DDM体系固化动力学的影响。DPP-CFR的加入使ECFGE/DDM体系具有优异的阻燃性能。具体地，与固化的ECFGE/DDM和DGEBA/DDM相比，具有15wt%的DPP-CFR的固化的ECFGE/DDM体系表现出UL-94 V-0分类和31.0%的LOI值，并且其峰值热释放速率分别下降了48%和72%。此外，具有15wt%的DPP-CFR的固化ECFGE/DDM体系也显示出比固化DGEBA/DDM对应物更好的拉伸强度和韧性。本研究表明，腰果酚可以作为一个通用的平台，用于制造高性能的生物基热固性聚合物具有优异的综合性能。
The development of high-performance thermosetting polymers has spawn extensive research interest over the past decade because of increasing awareness of environmental protection and sustainable policy. In this work, three cardanol-derived epoxy monomers named after CFGE, ECF, and ECFGE were synthesized, and ECFGE was selected to be further treated by flame-retardant owing to its superior thermal stability and mechanical strength. ECFGE was subsequently combined with cardanol-derived phosphate (DPP-CFR) to obtain flame-retardant bio-based epoxy materials as diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy substitutes. The chemical structure of CFGE, ECF, ECFGE, and DPP-CFR was well characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. The influence of DPP-CFR on the curing kinetics of the ECFGE/DDM system was investigated by the non-isothermal DSC. The addition of DPP-CFR imparted excellent flame-retardancy to the cured ECFGE/DDM system. Specifically, the cured ECFGE/DDM system with 15 wt% of DPP-CFR exhibited UL-94V-0 classification and LOI value of 31.0%, and its peak heat release rate was declined by 48% and 72%, respectively, compared to the cured ECFGE/DDM and DGEBA/DDM. Additionally, the cured ECFGE/DDM system with 15 wt% of DPP-CFR also showed better tensile strength and toughness than the cured DGEBA/DDM counterpart. This study demonstrates that cardanol can be utilized as a versatile platform for the fabrication of high-performance bio-based thermosetting polymers with excellent comprehensive properties.