Racial Profiling Is a Public Health and Health Disparities Issue
Racial Profiling Is a Public Health and Health Disparities Issue
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DOI：
10.1007/s40615-020-00738-2
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发表时间：
2020-04-06
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Walker, Joanne M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laurencin, Cato T.;Walker, Joanne M.
种族貌相是一个公共健康和健康差异问题，因为它对这种做法的目标群体及其社区成员造成不同的不利健康影响。我们讨论了六种方式警察貌相和种族歧视对美国黑人健康的不利影响。我们确定了四个直接和两个间接的方式。四种直接的方式是：（1）与警察的暴力对抗，造成伤害或死亡;（2）通过微观攻击或宏观攻击使对抗升级的警察语言;（3）与警察的亚致命对抗;（4）感知或替代威胁的不良健康后果，即，仅仅相信警察可能造成伤害就会损害健康。有两种间接方式：（5）通过了解直接经历过种族貌相的人或与之有私人关系;（6）通过公众活动，而不了解因种族貌相而被警察威胁或杀害的手无寸铁的人，但这类活动使个人和整个社区都感到威胁。我们支持承认种族貌相是一个公共卫生和健康差距问题。我们建议支持社区项目，解决种族貌相对临床健康的影响。我们还建议广泛参与创伤知情警务（TIP），承认种族貌相的临床影响。
Racial profiling is a public health and health disparities issue through its disparate and adverse health impact on those targeted by this practice, as well as members of their communities. We discuss six ways police profiling and racial discrimination adversely impact Black American health. We identify four direct and two indirect ways. Four direct ways are (1) violent confrontation with police that causes injury or death; (2) police language that escalates a confrontation through micro-aggressions or macro-aggressions; (3) sub-lethal confrontations with police; (4) adverse health consequences of perceived or vicarious threat, i.e., the mere belief in potential harm by police injures health. There are two indirect ways: (5) through knowledge of or personal relationship with someone who directly experienced racial profiling; (6) through public events without a personal knowledge of the unarmed person threatened or killed by police as a result of racial profiling, but where such events cause both individuals and the community at large to perceive a threat. We support recognition of racial profiling as a public health and health disparities issue. We recommend support for community programs that address the clinical health effects of racial profiling. We also recommend widespread engagement of trauma-informed policing (TIP) that acknowledges the clinical effects of racial profiling.