Plastic animals in cages: behavioural flexibility and responses to captivity
Plastic animals in cages: behavioural flexibility and responses to captivity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.02.002
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Jeschke, Jonathan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mason, Georgia;Burn, Charlotte C.;Jeschke, Jonathan M.
数十亿野生和半野生动物生活在与其祖先环境截然不同的圈养环境中。他们在这里面临的一些潜在挑战，如人类更接近，自然行为受到限制和气候变化，类似于在城市化，迁移和其他形式的人为快速环境变化（HIREC）中发生的那些挑战。HIREC和圈养之间的这些相似之处表明，某些物种可能处于双重危险之中：在野生和圈养环境中挣扎。这为未来的研究提出了新的假设，包括本文测试的一个假设：一个物种在圈养中的存在预示着它在转移到新的自然栖息地时建立的机会。此外，了解使圈养种群茁壮成长或失败的机制可以对动物如何应对HIREC产生新的见解。例如，适应圈养的种群表现出快速的发育效应。在一代人内，圈养动物可能会表现出有益的表型变化（例如，比成年野生捕获的F0更小的应激反应），说明适应性发育可塑性如何帮助种群成功。然而，人工饲养的动物也说明了在进化上新的环境中发展的风险（容易降低行为灵活性，有时会损害生殖），这表明个体发育中断是HIREC可能有害的原因之一。因此，总的来说，囚禁与HIREC之间的类比是有趣和有用的。然而，圈养和HIREC确实在某些方面有所不同，圈养往往更安全，但更单调，因此，我们结束讨论如何物种典型的风险/保护因素，以及受影响的动物诱导的表型变化，两者之间可能会有所不同。(c)2013年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Billions of wild and semiwild animals live in captive conditions very different from their ancestral environments. Some of the potential challenges they face here, such as greater human proximity, constrained natural behaviours and altered climates, resemble those occurring during urbanization, translocation and other forms of human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) in the wild. These parallels between HIREC and captivity suggest that certain species could be in double jeopardy: struggling in both wild and captive environments. This raises new hypotheses for future research, including one tested in this paper: that a species' presence in captivity predicts its chances of establishment when translocated to novel natural habitats. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms that predispose captive populations to thrive or fail can yield new insights into how animals respond to HIREC. For example, populations adjusting to captivity demonstrate rapid developmental effects. Within one generation, captive-reared animals may show beneficial phenotypic changes (e.g. smaller stress responses than F0s wild caught as adults), illustrating how adaptive developmental plasticity can help populations succeed. However, captive-reared animals also illustrate the risks of developing in evolutionarily new environments (being prone to reduced behavioural flexibility, and sometimes impaired reproduction), suggesting that disrupted ontogeny is one reason why HIREC can be harmful. Overall, analogies between captivity and HIREC are thus interesting and useful. However, captivity and HIREC do differ in some regards, captivity tending to be safer yet more monotonous; we therefore end by discussing how species-typical risk/protective factors, and the phenotypic changes induced in affected animals, may vary between the two. (c) 2013 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.