Effects of load type (pollen or nectar) and load mass on hovering metabolic rate and mechanical power output in the honey bee Apis mellifera
Effects of load type (pollen or nectar) and load mass on hovering metabolic rate and mechanical power output in the honey bee Apis mellifera
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.00347
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Harrison, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feuerbacher, E;Fewell, JH;Harrison, JF
在这项研究中，我们测试了花粉和花蜜负载对悬停期间代谢率（以毫瓦为单位）和振翅频率的影响，并检查了花粉负载对机翼运动学和机械功率输出的影响。无论负重多少，花粉采集者的代谢率比花蜜采集者高出约 10%。与之前测量的蜜蜂（可能是花蜜采集者）相比，花粉采集者还具有更水平的身体位置和更高的行程平面倾斜度。胸部温度对花粉>花蜜>水采集者的排序，较高的飞行代谢率可以解释花粉采集者较高的胸部温度。在回归模型实验中，负载质量不会影响悬停代谢率或振翅频率。然而，使用方差分析 (ANOVA) 设计，负载花粉和花蜜采集者（平均负载分别为体重的 27% 和 40%）使代谢率显着增加了 6%。平均花粉负荷为体重的18%，对振翅频率、冲程幅度、身体角度或冲程平面倾斜度没有影响，但使计算的机械功率输出增加16-18%（取决于估计阻力的方法）。当蜜蜂携带负载而不增加振翅频率或行程幅度（并且代谢率仅略有增加）时，升力系数上升表明不稳定发电机制的使用增加。
In this study we tested the effect of pollen and nectar loading on metabolic rate (in mW) and wingbeat frequency during hovering, and also examined the effect of pollen loading on wing kinematics and mechanical power output. Pollen foragers had hovering metabolic rates approximately 10% higher than nectar foragers, regardless of the amount of load carried. Pollen foragers also had a more horizontal body position and higher inclination of stroke plane than measured previously for honey bees (probably nectar foragers). Thorax temperatures ranked pollen > nectar > water foragers, and higher flight metabolic rate could explain the higher thorax temperature of pollen foragers. Load mass did not affect hovering metabolic rate or wingbeat frequency in a regression-model experiment. However, using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) design, loaded pollen and nectar foragers (mean loads 27% and 40% of body mass, respectively) significantly increased metabolic rate by 6%. Mean pollen loads of 18% of body mass had no effect on wingbeat frequency, stroke amplitude, body angle or inclination of stroke plane, but increased the calculated mechanical power output by 16-18% (depending on the method of estimating drag). A rise in lift coefficient as bees carry loads without increasing wingbeat frequency or stroke amplitude (and only minimal increases in metabolic rate) suggests an increased use of unsteady power-generating mechanisms.