RACE AND THE RETREAT FROM MARRIAGE - A SHORTAGE OF MARRIAGEABLE MEN
RACE AND THE RETREAT FROM MARRIAGE - A SHORTAGE OF MARRIAGEABLE MEN
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DOI：
10.2307/2096123
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发表时间：
1992-12-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
LANDRY, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LICHTER, DT;KEPHART, G;LANDRY, DJ
我们评估了一个婚姻搜索模型，该模型将美国黑人女性和白人女性中可用男性的数量和质量与第一次婚姻过渡联系起来。我们的分析提供了一个更复杂的假设评估，即过渡到第一次婚姻的种族差异反映了当地婚姻市场上适婚男性的短缺。我们将当地婚姻市场状况的几个指标（主要是1980年人口普查中的性别比例）与1979年至1986年全国青年纵向调查浪潮中的女性婚姻历史联系起来。我们的离散时间logit模型支持以下结论：(1)局部地区可用男性数量和质量的不足抑制了女性向初婚的过渡；(2)妇女的经济独立性（以就业和收入衡量）与结婚呈正相关；(3)配偶可得性方面的种族差异在现有婚姻种族差异中所占比例相对较小；(4)然而，与家庭背景、福利状况和生活安排（如多代家庭）等因素相比，本地配偶可获得性指标在观察到的首次婚姻过渡中的种族差异中所占比例更大；(5)婚姻市场特征的影响取决于女性是否在婚姻市场中“寻找”；(6)“经济上有吸引力”的男性短缺的影响，并不仅仅是当地人口结构中男性结婚短缺的产物。
We evaluate a marital search model that links the quantity and quality of available men to first marriage transitions among black women and white women in the United States. Our analysis provides a more complex assessment of the hypothesis that racial differences in transitions to first marriage reflect shortages of marriageable men in local marriage markets. We attach several indicators of local marriage market conditions (primarily sex ratios from the 1980 Census) to women's marital histories available in the 1979 through 1986 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Our discrete-time logit models support the following conclusions: (1) A shortage in the quantity and quality of available males in local areas depresses women's transitions to first marriage; (2) economic independence among women (as measured by employment and earnings) is positively associated with entry into marriage; (3) racial differences in mate availability account for a relatively small share of existing racial differences in marriage; (4) indicators of local mate availability nevertheless account for a larger proportion of observed racial differences in transitions to first marriage than factors such as family background, welfare status and living arrangements (e.g., multigenerational family); (5) the effects of marriage market characteristics are contingent on whether women are ''searching'' in the marriage market; and (6) the effect of a shortage of ''economically attractive'' men is not simply an artifact of local demographic deficits of men to marry.