Pulmonary host defenses.
Pulmonary host defenses.
复制标题
肺宿主防御。
DOI：
10.1097/00005382-199810000-00003
复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Twigg3rd,HL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Twigg3rd,HL
肺部经常暴露在入侵的颗粒物和潜在的病原体中。为了应对这种压力，肺部进化出了一种复杂的、多层次的防御机制，旨在清除有害物质，同时引发最低限度的伴随炎症。机械防御机制首先尝试从气管支气管树上物理地移除物质。绕过这第一道防线的颗粒物和病原体被下呼吸道和肺泡中的常驻和招募的吞噬细胞摄取。如果吞噬细胞防御功能受损或不堪重负，特定的免疫机制就会发挥作用，导致迟发性超敏反应(肉芽肿)、细胞毒反应和体液(抗体)反应的产生。先天性或获得性肺宿主防御功能损害可发生在这些步骤中的任何一个。肺宿主防御的特定部分受损通常与感染性和非感染性肺部并发症的特征谱有关。因此，了解肺宿主防御的所有组成部分并如何评估它们将对护理免疫低下的肺部疾病患者的医生有很大帮助。
The lung is constantly exposed to invading particulate matter and potential pathogens. To cope with this pressure, the lung has evolved a sophisticated, multitiered defense mechanism designed to clear offending agents while inducing a minimum amount of concomitant inflammation. Mechanical defense mechanisms first attempt to remove material physically from the tracheobronchial tree. Particulate matter and pathogens that circumvent this first line of defense are ingested by resident and recruited phagocytes in the lower respiratory tract and alveoli. If phagocytic defenses are impaired or overwhelmed, specific immune mechanisms become operational and lead to the generation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (granulomatous), cytotoxic, and humoral (antibody) responses. Congenital or acquired impairment of pulmonary host defenses can occur at any of these steps. Impairment of a particular component of pulmonary host defense is usually associated with a characteristic spectrum of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary complications. Thus, understanding all the components of pulmonary host defense and how to evaluate them will greatly aid the physician who cares for immunocompromised patients with lung disease.