Development of a noninvasive photograph-based method for the evaluation of body condition in free-ranging brown bears.
Development of a noninvasive photograph-based method for the evaluation of body condition in free-ranging brown bears.
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作者：
Shirane Y;Mori F;Yamanaka M;Nakanishi M;Ishinazaka T;Mano T;Jimbo M;Sashika M;Tsubota T;Shimozuru M
身体状况是健康的一个重要决定因素，它的评价对哺乳动物的保护和管理具有实际应用价值。我们开发了一种非侵入性的方法，使用照片，以评估在知床半岛，北海道，日本的自由放养的棕熊（熊）的身体状况。首先，我们对1998年至2017年捕获的476只熊进行了称重和测量，并根据体重与体长回归的残差计算了它们的身体状况指数（BCI）。BCI有明显的季节性变化，春季和夏季低于秋季。躯干高与身长的比值与脑机接口有很强的相关性，这表明躯干高与身长的比值可以作为身体状况的指标。第二，我们使用半岛上的一个特殊野生动物保护区--鲁沙地区的一只可识别的熊，检验了基于生物统计学的测量的精度。2017年9月24日至26日，共拍摄了220张这只熊的侧面照片，并根据熊的姿势进行了分类。躯干高度：身体/躯干长度的比例计算与四种测量方法和熊的姿势在照片中进行比较。结果表明，躯干高：水平躯干长（TH：HTL）是适用于各种姿势照片的指标，其测量变异系数<5%。此外，在分析2016 - 2018年6月至10月拍摄的熊照片时，秋季的TH：HTL显著高于春季/夏季，这表明该比例反映了野生熊身体状况的季节性变化。第三，我们计算BCI从实际测量的7名女性在鲁沙地区和TH：HTL从同一个人的照片。我们发现TH：HTL和BCI之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明棕熊的身体状况可以根据照片进行高精度的估计。我们简单而准确的方法是有用的监测熊身体状况反复多年来，有助于进一步调查身体状况，饮食习惯和繁殖成功之间的关系。
Body condition is an important determinant of health, and its evaluation has practical applications for the conservation and management of mammals. We developed a noninvasive method that uses photographs to assess the body condition of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. First, we weighed and measured 476 bears captured during 1998–2017 and calculated their body condition index (BCI) based on residuals from the regression of body mass against body length. BCI showed seasonal changes and was lower in spring and summer than in autumn. The torso height:body length ratio was strongly correlated with BCI, which suggests that it can be used as an indicator of body condition. Second, we examined the precision of photograph-based measurements using an identifiable bear in the Rusha area, a special wildlife protection area on the peninsula. A total of 220 lateral photographs of this bear were taken September 24–26, 2017, and classified according to bear posture. The torso height:body/torso length ratio was calculated with four measurement methods and compared among bear postures in the photographs. The results showed torso height:horizontal torso length (TH:HTL) to be the indicator that could be applied to photographs of the most diverse postures, and its coefficient of variation for measurements was <5%. In addition, when analyzing photographs of this bear taken from June to October during 2016–2018, TH:HTL was significantly higher in autumn than in spring/summer, which indicates that this ratio reflects seasonal changes in body condition in wild bears. Third, we calculated BCI from actual measurements of seven females captured in the Rusha area and TH:HTL from photographs of the same individuals. We found a significant positive relationship between TH:HTL and BCI, which suggests that the body condition of brown bears can be estimated with high accuracy based on photographs. Our simple and accurate method is useful for monitoring bear body condition repeatedly over the years and contributes to further investigation of the relationships among body condition, food habits, and reproductive success.
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DOI：
10.1086/physzool.69.2.30164186
发表时间：
1996-03-01
期刊：
PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Atkinson, SN;Nelson, RA;Ramsay, MA
通讯作者：
Ramsay, MA
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Gosler, AG
通讯作者：
Gosler, AG
影响因子：
2
作者：
Hilderbrand, G. V.;Gustine, D. D.;Cambier, T.
通讯作者：
Cambier, T.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Derocher, AE;Stirling, I
通讯作者：
Stirling, I
影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Bartareau, Tad M.
通讯作者：
Bartareau, Tad M.