The combined effect of clothianidin and environmental stress on the behavioral and reproductive function in male mice.
The combined effect of clothianidin and environmental stress on the behavioral and reproductive function in male mice.
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DOI：
10.1292/jvms.15-0188
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hoshi N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hirano T;Yanai S;Omotehara T;Hashimoto R;Umemura Y;Kubota N;Minami K;Nagahara D;Matsuo E;Aihara Y;Shinohara R;Furuyashiki T;Mantani Y;Yokoyama T;Kitagawa H;Hoshi N
新烟碱类杀虫剂是目前世界上使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一，它对昆虫的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）起激动作用，导致昆虫因异常兴奋而死亡。新烟碱出人意料地成为一个主要话题，因为它是蜜蜂群体衰竭失调的一个令人信服的原因，这种失调正在破坏世界范围内需要授粉的作物生产。哺乳动物nachr对新烟碱类具有一定的亲和性，但低于昆虫；因此，人们越来越关注新烟碱类对脊椎动物不可预测的不良影响。我们假设在慢性应激条件下，新烟碱类药物的作用会增强，这是已知的改变新烟碱类药物靶点的表达，即神经元nachr。在不可预测的慢性应激过程中，我们对积极给予新烟碱类噻虫胺（CTD； 0、10、50和250 mg/kg/天）4周的雄性小鼠进行了免疫组织化学和行为分析。CTD+应激小鼠睾丸出现液泡状精细胞上皮，抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4免疫反应性降低。在野外实验中，虽然运动活动不受影响，但CTD和应激均升高了小鼠的焦虑样行为。本研究表明，CTD的行为和生殖效应与环境应激结合更为严重，这可能反映了我们多重暴露的实际情况。
Neonicotinoids, some of the most widely used pesticides in the world, act as agonists to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects, resulting in death from abnormal excitability. Neonicotinoids unexpectedly became a major topic as a compelling cause of honeybee colony collapse disorder, which is damaging crop production that requires pollination worldwide. Mammal nAChRs appear to have a certain affinity for neonicotinoids with lower levels than those of insects; there is thus rising concern about unpredictable adverse effects of neonicotinoids on vertebrates. We hypothesized that the effects of neonicotinoids would be enhanced under a chronic stressed condition, which is known to alter the expression of targets of neonicotinoids, i.e., neuronal nAChRs. We performed immunohistochemical and behavioral analyses in male mice actively administered a neonicotinoid, clothianidin (CTD; 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day), for 4 weeks under an unpredictable chronic stress procedure. Vacuolated seminiferous epithelia and a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 were observed in the testes of the CTD+stress mice. In an open field test, although the locomotor activities were not affected, the anxiety-like behaviors of the mice were elevated by both CTD and stress. The present study demonstrates that the behavioral and reproductive effects of CTD become more serious in combination with environmental stress, which may reflect our actual situation of multiple exposure.