Changes in the structure and enzyme activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to changes in the environment.
Changes in the structure and enzyme activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to changes in the environment.
复制标题
酿酒酵母的结构和酶活性因环境变化而发生变化。
作者：
E. Polakis;W. Bartley;G. A. Meek
作为电子显微镜工作的结果，第一份关于酿酒酵母细胞中的细胞质内含物具有动植物线粒体的特征性超微结构特征的报告（Palade，1953）由Agar和道格拉斯（1957）发表，尽管在他们发表的显微照片中几乎看不出特征性嵴。Vitols，North & Linnane（1961）发表的高锰酸钾固定细胞的电子显微照片显示，有氧培养的S.酿酒酵母细胞Linnane，Vitols & Nowland（1962）已经表明，在酵母菌产朊球拟酵母中，厌氧生长的细胞不包含特征性线粒体或细胞色素;然而，这些细胞的细胞质包含膜的网状系统、含有电子致密颗粒的空泡和类似于髓磷脂形式的同心膜系统。然而，有氧培养的细胞显示出特征性的线粒体，没有网状膜系统，空泡中电子致密颗粒少得多。Heyman-Blanchet，Zajlaun和Chaix（1959）声称从厌氧培养的酵母细胞中分离出了线粒体样结构，但我们至今未能在厌氧培养的S.酿酒酵母细胞的电镜观察。Slonimski（1953，1955）和Tustanoff & Bartley（1962）证明了S.当以葡萄糖作为底物厌氧生长时，酿酒酵母细胞失去其氧化能力。当这种厌氧酵母在氧气和低浓度葡萄糖的存在下孵育时，呼吸作用产生。在Slonimski（1953）的条件下，呼吸作用在几个小时内逐渐发展;在Tustanoff和Bartley（1962）的条件下，呼吸作用变得明显，并且在约21小时时达到最大。根据我们的经验，这种厌氧生长的酵母不发展氧化乙酸的能力，但是在低葡萄糖浓度下有氧生长的酵母最终变得能够氧化乙酸。本文表明，生长条件
The first report, as a result of work with the electron microscope, of cytoplasmic inclusions in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae having the characteristic ultrastructural features of plant and animal mitochondria (Palade, 1953) was published by Agar & Douglas (1957), although the characteristic cristae are barely discernible in their published micrographs. Later electron micrographs of cells fixed in potassium permanganate published by Vitols, North & Linnane (1961) show characteristic mitochondria about 0 5 , in length in aerobically grown S. cerevisiae cells. Linnane, Vitols & Nowland (1962) have shown that, in the yeast Torulopsis utilis, anaerobically grown cells do not contain characteristic mitochondria or cytochromes; the cytoplasm of these cells, however, contains a reticular system of membranes, vacuoles containing electron-dense granules, and concentric membrane systems resembling myelin forms. The aerobically grown cells, however, show characteristic mitochondria, no reticular membrane system, and vacuoles with far fewer and lesselectron-dense granules. Heyman-Blanchet, Zajdela & Chaix (1959) claim to have isolated mitochondria-like structures from anaerobically grown yeast cells, but we have failed so far to detect any mitochondria in anaerobically grown S. cerevisiae cells by electron microscopy. Slonimski (1953, 1955) and Tustanoff & Bartley (1962) have shown that S. cerevisiae cells, when grown anaerobically with glucose as substrate, lose their capacity for oxidation. When this anaerobic yeast is incubated in the presence of oxygen and a low concentration of glucose, respiration develops. Under the conditions of Slonimski (1953) respiration develops gradually over several hours; under the conditions of Tustanoff & Bartley (1962) respiration becomes appreciable and is maximal at about 21 hr. In our experience such anaerobically grown yeast does not develop the ability to oxidize acetate, but yeast grown aerobically on low glucose concentrations eventually becomes able to oxidize acetate. The present paper shows that the growth conditions