Milled cereal straw accelerates earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) growth more than selected organic amendments.
Milled cereal straw accelerates earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) growth more than selected organic amendments.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.12.006
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Whitmore AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sizmur T;Martin E;Wagner K;Parmentier E;Watts C;Whitmore AP
施用农家肥比施用秸秆更能增加田间杂草种群数量。在微生态系统中，粉碎的秸秆比粉碎的粪肥更能促进蚯蚓的生长。蚯蚓的生长速率与添加剂的热值呈正相关。秸秆只有在碾磨时才有利于作物生长。在可耕地土壤中添加磨碎的秸秆可能会增加杂草种群。蚯蚓通过提供多种生态系统服务而使农业受益。因此，应确定并鼓励采取战略，增加农业土壤中的生物多样性和活性。蚯蚓主要以土壤中的有机投入物为食，但不知道哪种有机添加物对增加蚯蚓种群最有效。我们进行了实地调查，并进行了实验，在单一的微生态系统，以确定最佳的食物来源，增加生物量的作物残留物和有机废物的选择，可用于农业。我们发现，虽然农家肥增加秸秆种群比谷物秸秆在外地，秸秆增加秸秆生物量比粪肥研磨和应用到缩影。蚯蚓的生长速率与热值的修正案和秸秆有一个更高的热值比农家肥，绿肥堆肥，或厌氧消化状态呈正相关。通过研磨将秸秆的颗粒尺寸减小到<3mm使得秸秆中的能量更容易被蚯蚓获得。讨论了在农田土壤中施用粉碎秸秆的益处和障碍。
Farmyard manure increased earthworm populations more than straw in the field. Milled straw increased earthworm growth more than milled manures in microcosms. Earthworm growth rates are positively correlated with amendment calorific value. Straw only benefits earthworm growth when milled. Incorporating milled straw in arable soils may increase earthworm populations. Earthworms benefit agriculture by providing several ecosystem services. Therefore, strategies to increase earthworm abundance and activity in agricultural soils should be identified, and encouraged. Lumbricus terrestris earthworms primarily feed on organic inputs to soils but it is not known which organic amendments are the most effective for increasing earthworm populations. We conducted earthworm surveys in the field and carried out experiments in single-earthworm microcosms to determine the optimum food source for increasing earthworm biomass using a selection of crop residues and organic wastes available to agriculture. We found that although farmyard manure increased earthworm populations more than cereal straw in the field, straw increased earthworm biomass more than manures when milled and applied to microcosms. Earthworm growth rates were positively correlated with the calorific value of the amendment and straw had a much higher calorific value than farmyard manure, greenwaste compost, or anaerobic digestate. Reducing the particle size of straw by milling to <3 mm made the energy in the straw more accessible to earthworms. The benefits and barriers to applying milled straw to arable soils in the field are discussed.