Diet composition of chimpanzees inhabiting the montane forest of Kahuzi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Diet composition of chimpanzees inhabiting the montane forest of Kahuzi, Democratic Republic of Congo
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.10049
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Basabose, AK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basabose, AK
1994年1月至2000年12月，在卡胡兹-别加国家公园的山地森林中，通过直接观察、进食残留物和粪便分析，对黑猩猩的饮食进行了研究。共鉴定出171种食物，其中植物性食物156种，隶属于57科114种。黑猩猩食用了66种水果（62种果肉和4种种子）。粪便分析结果显示，无花果是最常吃的。它们的种子出现在总共7,212个黑猩猩粪便样本的92%中。黑猩猩根据水果种类的丰富度和多样性的季节性和年度变化来改变饮食。然而，它们是非常有选择性的食果动物。只有少数果肉水果物种定期确定在他们的粪便样本。在雨季，成熟的水果很少，黑猩猩主要依靠果核和树叶。它们不经咀嚼就吞下了两种鸭跖草科植物的叶子，可能是为了医疗目的。很少吃动物性食物。卡胡齐的山地森林，黑猩猩分布在海拔2，600英尺的地方，可能是有记录以来黑猩猩分布的最高海拔极限。与其他黑猩猩栖息地相比，Kahuzi的水果物种多样性较低，少数果肉水果物种的可用性可能对Kahuzi黑猩猩的生存至关重要。(C)2002 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
The diet of chimpanzees was investigated by direct observations, feeding remains, and fecal analysis from January 1994 to December 2000 in the montane forest of Kahuzi-Biega National Park. A total of 171 food items were identified, among which 156 items were plant materials belonging to 114 species from 57 taxonomic families. Chimpanzees consumed 66 species of fruits (62 species of pulps and four species of seeds). Results of fecal analysis showed that fig fruits were the most frequently eaten. Their seeds occurred in 92% of a total of 7,212 chimpanzee fecal samples. The chimpanzees changed their diet according to seasonal and annual variations in both abundance and diversity of fruit species. However, they are very selective frugivores. Only a few pulp-fruit species are regularly identified in their fecal samples. During the rainy season, when ripe fruit was scarce, chimpanzees relied heavily on piths and leaves. They swallowed leaves of two species of Commelinaceae without chewing, probably for medical purposes. Animal foods were eaten infrequently. The montane forest of Kahuzi, where chimpanzees range up to 2,600 in above sea level, may be the highest altitudinal limit ever recorded for their distribution. Compared to other chimpanzee habitats, Kahuzi has a low diversity of fruit species and the availability of a few pulp-fruit species may be critical to the survival of Kahuzi chimpanzees. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.