Using Implicit Measures of Discrimination: White, Black, and Hispanic Participants Respond Differently to Group-Specific Racial/Ethnic Categories vs. the General Category "People of Color" in the USA.
Using Implicit Measures of Discrimination: White, Black, and Hispanic Participants Respond Differently to Group-Specific Racial/Ethnic Categories vs. the General Category "People of Color" in the USA.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40615-022-01353-z
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Krieger, Nancy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marini, Maddalena;Waterman, Pamela D;Breedlove, Emry R;Chen, Jarvis T;Testa, Christian;Pardee, Dana J;LeBlanc, Merrily;Reisner, Sari L;Oendari, Apriani;Krieger, Nancy
最近的研究表明，隐性措施是评估遭受歧视和预测不良身体状况的宝贵工具。在2020年3月10日至2020年4月1日期间，我们在美国进行了三项实验（577名参与者），以评估在隐性歧视措施中使用特定群体与一般种族/民族类别的情况。我们测量了对一般种族/民族类别“有色人种”（POC）和两个特定种族/民族类别（即，“黑人”和“西班牙人”）。内隐歧视和态度进行了评估，使用简明内隐联想测验（B-IAT）。在参与者中（平均年龄= 37岁，标准差= 10.5），50%被确定为白色非西班牙裔（NH），33.3%为黑人NH，16.7%为西班牙裔; 71.7%为女性，72.2%具有学士学位或更高学位。我们发现，只有当特定的种族/民族类别被用于B-IAT的目标群体和组内偏好的所有参与者群体之间的隐性歧视。当使用一般类别POC时，我们观察到仅黑人NH参与者对POC存在歧视，而白色NH参与者则没有表现出歧视。同样，黑人NH参与者没有表现出对POC的组内偏好，但确实表现出对黑人的组内偏好。这些结果表明，在评估对黑人和西班牙裔个人的歧视和态度时，使用类别POC的隐式措施可能是不合适的，因为它可能无法捕捉这些群体的歧视和身份的具体经验。
Recent studies showed that implicit measures are valuable instruments for assessing exposure to discrimination and predicting negative physical conditions. Between March 10, 2020, and April 1, 2020, we conducted three experiments (577 participants) in the USA to evaluate the use of group-specific vs. general race/ethnicity categories in implicit measures of discrimination. We measured implicit discrimination and attitudes towards the general race/ethnicity category “people of color” (POC) and two specific race/ethnicity categories (i.e., “Black people” and “Hispanic people”). Implicit discrimination and attitudes were assessed using the Brief Implicit Association Test (B-IAT). Among participants (mean age = 37, standard deviation = 10.5), 50% identified as White non-Hispanic (NH), 33.3% as Black NH, and 16.7% as Hispanic; 71.7% were female and 72.2% had a bachelor’s degree or higher. We found an implicit discrimination towards target groups and an in-group preference among all participant groups only when specific race/ethnicity categories were used in the B-IAT. When the general category POC was used, we observed a discrimination towards POC only for Black NH participants, while White NH participants showed no discrimination. Similarly, Black NH participants showed no in-group preference for POC, but did show an in-group preference for Black people. These results suggest that using the category POC in implicit measures may be inappropriate when evaluating discrimination and attitudes towards Black and Hispanic individuals as it may not capture specific experiences of discrimination and identity in these groups.