Does Transparency Improve Governance?
Does Transparency Improve Governance?
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-polisci-032210-144356
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fung, Archon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kosack, Stephen;Fung, Archon
近年来，人们越来越关注透明度——向公众提供信息——在发达国家和发展中国家改善治理的潜力。在本文中，我们描述并评估了透明度从目的本身到解决日益实际的治理和政府绩效问题的工具的演变。在描述了四种不同类型的透明度之后，我们将重点放在社会科学家最严格的实证审查类型上——所谓的“透明度和问责制”（T/A）干预措施，旨在提高发展中国家公共服务和治理的质量。T/A干预措施产生了好坏参半的结果：有些非常成功；其他措施似乎影响不大。我们开发了五个面向透明度的理想典型“世界”的标题，以帮助解释这种结果的变化。以透明度为基础的改革可能面临集体行动、政治阻力和执行链长等障碍。在这些障碍较少的情境“世界”中，T/A干预更有可能取得成功。我们发现16个T/A干预的实验评估在很大程度上与我们的五世界准则的理论预测一致。
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the potential of transparency-the provision of information to the public-to improve governance in both developed and developing societies. In this article, we characterize and assess the evolution of transparency from an end in itself to a tool for resolving increasingly practical concerns of governance and government performance. After delineating four distinct varieties of transparency, we focus on the type that has received the most rigorous empirical scrutiny from social scientists-so-called "transparency and accountability" (T/A) interventions intended to improve the quality of public services and governance in developing countries. T/A interventions have yielded mixed results: some are highly successful; others appear to have little impact. We develop a rubric of five ideal-typical "worlds" facing transparency that helps to account for this variation in outcomes. Reform based on transparency can face obstacles of collective action, political resistance, and long implementation chains. T/A interventions are more likely to succeed in contextual "worlds" with fewer of these obstacles. We find that 16 experimental evaluations of T/A interventions are largely consistent with the theoretical predictions of our five-worlds rubric.