It's not all about autism: The emerging landscape of anti-vaccination sentiment on Facebook
It's not all about autism: The emerging landscape of anti-vaccination sentiment on Facebook
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.003
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发表时间：
2019-04-10
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Primack, Brian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffman, Beth L.;Fetter, Elizabeth M.;Primack, Brian A.
背景：部分由于疫苗接种率下降，2018年，20多个州报告了至少一例麻疹病例，欧洲确诊病例超过4万例。社交媒体上的反疫苗帖子可能会助长反疫苗行为。这项研究旨在系统地描述(1)已知在Facebook上公开发布反疫苗内容的个人，(2)他们所传达的信息，以及(3)该内容的传播情况。方法：我们的数据集包括197个人，他们在一条促进疫苗接种的消息中发布了反疫苗评论。我们使用量化编码、描述性分析、社交网络分析和深入的定性评估，系统地分析了公开可用的内容。最终的码本由26个代码组成；双重编码后的Cohen‘s kappa范围为0.71-1.0。结果：大多数人(%)被确认为女性。在136名透露自己所在位置的人中，有36个州和其他8个国家的代表。在一个由个人和主题组成的双模式网络中，模块化分析揭示了四个不同的子组，分别被标记为“信任”、“替代”、“安全”和“阴谋”。例如，有一条评论代表了“阴谋”，那就是脊髓灰质炎病毒并不存在，杀虫剂导致了脊髓灰质炎的临床症状。“替代品”小组的一个例子是，吃酸奶可以治愈人类乳头瘤病毒。对所有197个人的个人资料进行更深入的定性分析发现，这些人还倾向于发布反对其他与健康相关的做法的材料，如水氟化和包皮环切术。结论：社交媒体渠道可能通过促进数百年来的论点和技术的传播，促进反疫苗接种的联系和组织。反对接种疫苗的理由多种多样，但在不同的个体群体中仍然是一致的。对于卫生专业人员来说，利用社交网络向不同群体传递更有效、更有针对性的信息将是有价值的。(C)2019爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background: Due in part to declining vaccination rates, in 2018 over 20 states reported at least one case of measles, and over 40,000 cases were confirmed in Europe. Anti-vaccine posts on social media may be facilitating anti-vaccination behaviour. This study aimed to systematically characterize (1) individuals known to publicly post anti-vaccination content on Facebook, (2) the information they convey, and (3) the spread of this content.Methods: Our data set consisted of 197 individuals who posted anti-vaccination comments in response to a message promoting vaccination. We systematically analysed publicly-available content using quantitative coding, descriptive analysis, social network analysis, and an in-depth qualitative assessment. The final codebook consisted of 26 codes; Cohen's kappa ranged 0.71-1.0 after double-coding.Results: The majority (89%) of individuals identified as female. Among 136 individuals who divulged their location, 36 states and 8 other countries were represented. In a 2-mode network of individuals and topics, modularity analysis revealed 4 distinct sub-groups labelled as "trust," "alternatives," "safety," and "conspiracy." For example, a comment representative of "conspiracy" is that poliovirus does not exist and that pesticides caused clinical symptoms of polio. An example from the "alternatives" sub-group is that eating yogurt cures human papillomavirus. Deeper qualitative analysis of all 197 individuals' profiles found that these individuals also tended to post material against other health-related practices such as water fluoridation and circumcision.Conclusions: Social media outlets may facilitate anti-vaccination connections and organization by facilitating the diffusion of centuries old arguments and techniques. Arguments against vaccination are diverse but remain consistent within sub-groups of individuals. It would be valuable for health professionals to leverage social networks to deliver more effective, targeted messages to different constituencies. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.