White-capped albatrosses alter fine-scale foraging behavior patterns when associated with fishing vessels
White-capped albatrosses alter fine-scale foraging behavior patterns when associated with fishing vessels
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DOI：
10.3354/meps09068
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Robertson, Bruce C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Torres, Leigh G.;Thompson, David R.;Robertson, Bruce C.
众所周知，商业捕捞活动中偶然捕获的海鸟会导致海鸟数量下降。然而，与渔业的联系对海鸟生态的全面影响，包括对海鸟分布和行为的影响，尚不完全清楚。我们开发了一种新方法，将新西兰亚南极地区 25 只白顶信天翁 Thalassarche steadi 的觅食行程的精细 GPS 跟踪数据与捕捞努力量分布数据相结合，以 (1) 量化个体信天翁和个体船只之间的精细重叠，以及 (2) 表征信天翁与渔船相关时的行为变化。 68% 的航迹中出现了船只和信天翁的重叠。然而，信天翁在个体之间和个体内部的觅食旅行目的地以及与捕鱼活动的关联率方面表现出很大的可变性。八条轨道从未与渔船重叠。在 17 条确实重叠的轨迹中，每次行程中 2% 至 73% 的觅食工作发生在与渔船重叠时。信天翁觅食行为的特点是，当船只重叠时，信天翁的觅食路径明显更慢且更直。这项研究强调了 GPS 标签在检查与捕捞活动相关的海鸟精细分布方面的效用，揭示了渔业对海洋巨型动物的影响如何超越死亡和伤害以及种群数量。然而，目前的结果不仅受到有限的跟踪数据集的限制，而且还受到捕捞努力量数据的质量（时空分辨率）和可用性的限制。如果没有分辨率等于 GPS 标签的比较数据集，就无法完全解决与渔业对受威胁海洋巨型动物的影响有关的关键保护问题。
Incidental bycatch of seabirds in commercial fishing activities is known to cause declines in seabird populations. However, the full impacts on the ecology of seabirds, including effects on seabird distribution and behavior, through the association with fisheries are not fully understood. We developed a novel method to integrate fine-scale GPS tracking data from the foraging trips of 25 white-capped albatross Thalassarche steadi within sub-Antarctic New Zealand with fishing effort distribution data to (1) quantify fine-scale overlap between individual albatrosses and individual vessels and (2) characterize behavioral changes in albatrosses when they are associated with fishing vessels. Overlap between vessels and albatrosses occurred in 68% of tracks. However, albatrosses demonstrated high variability in foraging trip destinations and association rates with fishing activity, both between and within individuals. Eight tracks never overlapped a fishing vessel. Of the 17 tracks that did overlap, a range of 2 to 73% of foraging effort on each trip occurred while overlapping a fishing vessel. Albatross foraging behavior was characterized by a significantly slower and straighter path when overlapping vessels. This study highlights the utility of GPS tags to examine the fine-scale distribution of seabirds in relation to fishing activity, revealing how effects of fisheries on marine megafauna may extend beyond mortality and injury as well as population numbers. However, results are currently constrained, not only by limited tracking data sets, but also by the quality (spatio-temporal resolution) and availability of fishing effort data. Critical conservation issues related to the effects of fisheries on threatened marine megafauna cannot be fully addressed without comparative data sets with resolution equal to GPS tags.