ZnO nanoparticle preparation route influences surface reactivity, dissolution and cytotoxicity.
ZnO nanoparticle preparation route influences surface reactivity, dissolution and cytotoxicity.
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DOI：
10.1039/c7en00888k
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wingett DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anders CB;Eixenberger JE;Franco NA;Hermann RJ;Rainey KD;Chess JJ;Punnoose A;Wingett DG
尽管纳米氧化锌被证明对多种细胞类型具有细胞毒性，但它在纳米技术中的应用仍然很普遍。这凸显了确定影响nZnO细胞毒性的物理化学性质的重要必要性。在这项研究中，我们分析了六种尺寸相似的nZnO配方，并以SiO_2包覆的nZnO、块体ZnO和ZnSO4为对照。其中四个样品是用各种湿化学法合成的，三个样品是用高温火焰喷雾热解(FSP)技术合成的。X-射线衍射和光学分析表明，7个nZnO配方的晶格参数和电子带隙基本相同。然而，在电泳迁移率、流体力学大小、光催化速率常数、溶解电位、活性氧(ROS)的产生以及更重要的是，不同合成的nZnO对Jurkat白血病和原代CD4+T细胞的细胞毒性方面显示出很大的差异。用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和动态光散射(DLS)对样品的表面结构进行了分析，发现样品表面结合的化学基团和团聚倾向有明显的差异。与FSP技术相比，具有更高的阳离子表面电荷、更快的光催化速率、更高的胞外溶解和ROS生成的湿化学nZnO对这两种细胞的细胞毒性都更大。此外，主成分分析(PCA)表明，所采用的合成程序影响哪些物理化学性质对细胞毒反应贡献更大。这些结果表明，合成方法导致独特的表面化学，并可作为细胞毒性和氧化应激反应的决定因素。NZnO的合成方法导致了独特的表面化学反应，这些化学反应影响着团聚倾向、溶解电位、氧化应激反应和NP诱导的毒性。
ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) are commonly used in nanotechnology applications despite their demonstrated cytotoxicity against multiple cell types. This underscores the significant need to determine the physicochemical properties that influence nZnO cytotoxicity. In this study, we analyzed six similarly sized nZnO formulations, along with SiO2-coated nZnO, bulk ZnO and ZnSO4 as controls. Four of the nZnO samples were synthesized using various wet chemical methods, while three employed high-temperature flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) techniques. X-ray diffraction and optical analysis demonstrated the lattice parameters and electron band gap of the seven nZnO formulations were similar. However, electrophoretic mobility measures, hydrodynamic size, photocatalytic rate constants, dissolution potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and, more importantly, the cytotoxicity of the variously synthesized nZnO towards Jurkat leukemic and primary CD4+ T cells displayed major differences. Surface structure analysis using FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed significant differences in the surface-bound chemical groups and the agglomeration tendencies of the samples. The wet chemical nZnO, with higher cationic surface charge, faster photocatalytic rates, increased extracellular dissolution and ROS generation demonstrated greater cytotoxicity towards both cell types than those made with FSP techniques. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the synthesis procedure employed influences which physicochemical properties contribute more to the cytotoxic response. These results suggest that the synthesis approach results in unique surface chemistries and can be a determinant of cellular cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. The nZnO synthesis approach results in unique surface chemistries which influence agglomeration tendencies, dissolution potential, oxidative stress responses and NP-induced toxicity.