Successful seedling establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal-compared to ectomycorrhizal-associated hardwoods in arbuscular cedar plantations
Successful seedling establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal-compared to ectomycorrhizal-associated hardwoods in arbuscular cedar plantations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118155
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
K. Seiwa;Y. Negishi;Yukino Eto;Masahiro Hishita;K. Masaka;Y. Fukasawa;K. Matsukura;M. Suzuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Seiwa;Y. Negishi;Yukino Eto;Masahiro Hishita;K. Masaka;Y. Fukasawa;K. Matsukura;M. Suzuki
间伐是营造硬木针叶混交林的有效方法，因为它能成功地补充硬木。然而，目前还不清楚在何种程度上菌根协会（AM，或丛枝菌根与ECM，外生菌根）影响硬木招聘。在这项研究中，我们探讨了硬木菌根类型更有利于招募到柳杉（AM针叶树）种植园。我们比较了幼苗招聘成功（即出苗，存活和生长）之间AM和ECM硬木在五年后，在不同水平的间伐：67%的间伐（密集），33%的间伐（弱）和un-thinning治疗（对照）。我们还调查了菌根真菌在两种阔叶林中最具优势的AM（山茱萸）和ECM（锯齿栎）幼苗中的定殖率。japonica人工林和以ECM树种（如Q. japonica）为主的相邻森林。serrata，Alnus hirsutavar.sibirica，Castanea crenata）。在这五年中，出苗和存活率都大于在AM比ECM的大多数不同的出现队列，导致更多的个人AM，而不是ECM硬木的所有间伐强度。垂直生长的幼苗也更大的AM比ECM物种，特别是早期新兴的队列在弱和密集的治疗。AM针叶树种植园中AM真菌对AM幼苗的定殖百分比高于邻近的ECM优势森林。与此相反，百分之ECM真菌的ECM型幼苗的殖民化是较低的人工林相比，邻近的森林。这些结果表明，AM硬木可以很容易地被招募到AM针叶林，可能是由于这样的事实，即AM型幼苗可以很容易地成为与AM真菌在同一菌根型种植园。AM真菌通过菌丝网络分配营养物质，促进了AM幼苗的生长。相反，ECM型幼苗的招募受到强烈抑制，可能是由于缺乏在AM型种植园的ECM真菌的殖民化。这项研究表明，菌根协会在硬木到AM针叶林的招聘成功发挥了重要作用。因此，当森林管理者打算将针叶树人工林转换为阔叶树和针叶树混合林时，他们应该考虑菌根真菌类型在未来物种组成中的作用。
Thinning is an effective method to create mixed hardwood-conifer forests, as it results in successful hardwood recruitment. However, it remains unclear to what extent mycorrhizal association (AM, or arbuscular mycorrhizae vs. ECM, ectomycorrhizae) affects hardwood recruitment. In this study, we explored which hardwood mycorrhizal type was more advantageous to recruit into aCryptomeria japonica(AM conifer) plantation. We compared seedling recruitment success (i.e. seedling emergence, survival, and growth) between AM and ECM hardwoods during five years after thinning at various levels: 67% thinned (intensive), 33% thinned (weak) and un-thinned treatments (control). We also investigated the percent colonization of mycorrhizal fungi for the seedlings of the most dominant AM (Cornus controversa) and ECM (Quercus serrata) hardwoods in both theC. japonicaplantation and an adjacent forest dominated by ECM tree species (e.g.Q. serrata, Alnus hirsutavar.sibirica, Castanea crenata). During the five years, seedling emergence and survival were greater in AM than ECM for most of the different emergence cohorts, resulting in a greater number of individuals for AM rather than ECM hardwoods for all thinning intensities. Vertical growth of the seedlings was also greater for AM than ECM species, particularly for early emerging cohorts in both the weak and intensive treatments. Percent colonization of AM fungi to AM seedlings was greater in the AM conifer plantation than in the adjacent ECM-dominant forest. In contrast, percent colonization of ECM fungi to ECM-type seedlings was lower in the plantation compared to the adjacent forest. These results suggest that AM hardwoods could easily be recruited to AM conifer plantations, probably due to the fact that AM-type seedlings could easily become associated with AM fungi in the same mycorrhizal-type plantation. Growth of the AM seedlings was enhanced, which was likely to be due to the sharing of AM fungi, which translocate nutrients via hyphal networks. In contrast, recruitment of ECM-type seedlings was strongly inhibited, probably due to the lack of colonization of the ECM fungi in the AM-type plantation. This study demonstrates that mycorrhizal associations play an important role in recruitment success of hardwoods into AM conifer plantations. Thus, when forest managers intend to convert conifer plantations to mixed hardwood and conifer forests, they should consider the role of mycorrhizal fungal type in future species composition.