Empirical evidence: its nature and sources
Empirical evidence: its nature and sources
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经验证据：其性质和来源
DOI：
10.4135/9781473913868.n30
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Reiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Reiss
随着医学和社会政策中循证运动的兴起，证据的主题已经成为科学哲学和方法论研究的前沿。但这个问题并不新鲜。观察、实验、归纳和确证--所有这些都与证据密切相关--自西方哲学诞生以来就一直是哲学家关注的中心问题。这篇文章的主要目的是提供一个介绍和照明这些主题，只要他们是相关的社会科学。社会科学中的经验证据是非常多样的。它的产生方法包括考古学中的物理人工制品收集，人口统计学中的人口普查，经济学中的数学建模，历史学中的思想实验，政治学中的专家判断，心理学中的实验室实验和社会学中的因果建模等。即使在同一门科学中，证据也可以有多种来源
With the rise of evidence-based movements in medicine and social policy, the topic of evidence has come to the forefront of research in the philosophy and methodology of science. But the issue is far from new. Observation, experiment, induction and confirmation – all practises very closely related to evidence – have been central concerns of philosophers ever since the birth of Western philosophy. The primary aim of this article is to provide an introduction to and illumination of these topics in so far as they are relevant to the social sciences. Empirical evidence in the social sciences is extraordinarily varied. It is produced by methods including the collection of physical artefacts in archaeology, conducting censuses in demography, mathematical modelling in economics, thought experimentation in history, expert judgement in political science, laboratory experimentation in psychology and causal modelling in sociology, among many others. Even within one and the same science, evidence can have a variety of sources