The properties of foams and lattices
The properties of foams and lattices
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2005.1678
复制
发表时间：
2006-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ashby, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashby, MF
人类和自然界都利用了多孔固体的显著特性，我们指的是泡沫，网格和微晶格。对于非科学家来说，他们的形象是柔软的、顺从的东西：垫子、包装和填充物。对于食品科学家来说，它们就像面包、蛋糕和最好的甜点一样熟悉：蛋白酥皮、慕斯和海绵蛋糕。对于那些研究自然的人来说，它们是他们研究对象的结构材料：木材，珊瑚，松质骨。对于工程师来说，它们在建造轻质结构、能源管理、隔热、过滤等方面都非常重要。当固体转化为具有泡沫状结构的材料时，固体的单值属性得到了扩展。我们所说的性能是指刚度、强度、导热性和扩散性、电阻率等。而且扩展范围很广--属性可以改变1000倍或更多。也许在分析力学行为时最重要的概念是拉伸主导结构和弯曲主导结构之间的区别。第一个是非常坚硬和强大的一个给定的质量;第二个是顺应性，虽然不强，它吸收能量时很好地压缩。本文总结了一些分析多孔固体力学性能的方法，并举例说明了各种不同结构所提供的性能范围。
Man and nature both exploit the remarkable properties of cellular solids, by which we mean foams, meshes and microlattices. To the non-scientist, their image is that of soft, compliant, things: cushions, packaging and padding. To the food scientist they are familiar as bread, cake and desserts of the best kind: meringue, mousse and sponge. To those who study nature they are the structural materials of their subject: wood, coral, cancellous bone. And to the engineer they are of vast importance in building lightweight structures, for energy management, for thermal insulation, filtration and much more.When a solid is converted into a material with a foam-like structure, the single-valued properties of the solid are extended. By properties we mean stiffness, strength, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, electrical resistivity and so forth. And the extension is vast-the properties can be changed by a factor of 1000 or more. Perhaps the most important concept in analysing the mechanical behaviour is that of the distinction between a stretch- and a bending-dominated structure. The first is exceptionally stiff and strong for a given mass; the second is compliant and, although not strong, it absorbs energy well when compressed. This paper summarizes a little of the way in which the mechanical properties of cellular solids are analysed and illustrates the range of properties offered by alternative configurations.