Description of an orthologous cluster of ochratoxin A biosynthetic genes in Aspergillus and Penicillium species. A comparative analysis
Description of an orthologous cluster of ochratoxin A biosynthetic genes in Aspergillus and Penicillium species. A comparative analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.028
复制
发表时间：
2018-03-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Patino, Belen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gil-Serna, Jessica;Garcia-Diaz, Marta;Patino, Belen
赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A，OTA）是一种重要的真菌毒素，由曲霉属和青霉属真菌产生。OTA生物合成基因的知识和了解其调控机制是必不可少的。在这项工作中，我们获得了一个清晰的图片生物合成基因组织中的主要OTA生产曲霉和青霉物种（A。steynii、黑腹拟步行虫A. westerdijkiae、西番莲A.尼日尔、黑曲霉A. carbonarius和P. nordicum），使用本工作中获得的或先前可在数据库上获得的完整基因组序列。结果显示，在5个物种中，一个含有5个ORF的区域预测了5种蛋白质：卤化酶、bZIP转录因子、细胞色素P450单加氧酶、非核糖体肽合成酶和聚酮合成酶。在青霉和曲霉中，遗传共线性是保守的，尽管基因组位置似乎不同，因为簇呈现不同的侧翼区域（除了A. steynii和A. westerdijkiae）;这些观察结果支持了该基因组区域的同源性假说，并且它可能是通过水平转移获得的。在所有物种中，在允许的条件下，这五个基因在OTA产生菌株中一致表达。这些协议可能有利于未来的研究，生物合成基因的调控，以开发新的有效的控制方法，以避免OTA进入食物链。
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins due to its toxic properties and worldwide distribution which is produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species. The knowledge of OTA biosynthetic genes and understanding of the mechanisms involved in their regulation are essential. In this work, we obtained a clear picture of biosynthetic genes organization in the main OTA-producing Aspergillus and Penicillium species (A. steynii, A. westerdijkiae, A. niger, A. carbonarius and P. nordicum) using complete genome sequences obtained in this work or previously available on databases. The results revealed a region containing five ORFs which predicted five proteins: halogenase, bZIP transcription factor, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase in all the five species. Genetic synteny was conserved in both Penicillium and Aspergillus species although genomic location seemed to be different since the clusters presented different flanking regions (except for A. steynii and A. westerdijkiae); these observations support the hypothesis of the orthology of this genomic region and that it might have been acquired by horizontal transfer.New real-time RT-PCR assays for quantification of the expression of these OTA biosynthetic genes were developed. In all species, the five genes were consistently expressed in OTA-producing strains in permissive conditions. These protocols might favour futures studies on the regulation of biosynthetic genes in order to develop new efficient control methods to avoid OTA entering the food chain.