Maladaptation beyond a geographic range limit driven by antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions across an abiotic gradient
Maladaptation beyond a geographic range limit driven by antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions across an abiotic gradient
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.13836
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发表时间：
2019-09-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Moeller, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benning, John W.;Moeller, David A.
物种的地理范围限制往往是由于适应不良的新环境以外的范围边缘。然而，我们很少知道n维环境的哪些方面导致了这种适应不良。特别令人感兴趣的是非生物因素与生物因素在界定物种分布方面的影响。我们进行了为期2年的相互移植实验，涉及操纵的生物环境，探讨如何时空梯度降水，致命的哺乳动物植食性，授粉影响终身健身范围内和以外的加州一年生植物，Clarkia xantiana ssp。xantiana。在第一，干燥的一年的实验，健身范围边缘外的限制主要是由低降水量，并有一些证据的范围内的本地适应。在第二，多雨的一年，我们没有观察到非生物的限制，植物健身范围外，而是生物的相互作用，特别是草食动物，限制健身范围外。总之，保护从食草动物和补充花粉导致三至七倍的寿命健身范围外的利润率在非生物良性的一年。总的来说，我们的工作表明了生物相互作用的重要性，特别是当它们与非生物环境相互作用时，在确定超越地理范围界限的适应性方面。
Species' geographic range limits often result from maladaptation to the novel environments beyond the range margin. However, we rarely know which aspects of the n-dimensional environment are driving this maladaptation. Especially of interest is the influence of abiotic versus biotic factors in delimiting species' distributions. We conducted a 2-year reciprocal transplant experiment involving manipulations of the biotic environment to explore how spatiotemporal gradients in precipitation, fatal mammalian herbivory, and pollination affected lifetime fitness within and beyond the range of the California annual plant, Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. In the first, drier year of the experiment, fitness outside the range edge was limited mainly by low precipitation, and there was some evidence for local adaptation within the range. In the second, wetter year, we did not observe abiotic limitations to plant fitness outside the range; instead biotic interactions, especially herbivory, limited fitness outside the range. Together, protection from herbivory and supplementation of pollen resulted in three- to sevenfold increases in lifetime fitness outside the range margin in the abiotically benign year. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of biotic interactions, particularly as they interact with the abiotic environment, in determining fitness beyond geographic range boundaries.