Personal, indoor and outdoor air pollution levels among pregnant women
Personal, indoor and outdoor air pollution levels among pregnant women
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.053
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schembari, Anna;Triguero-Mas, Margarita;Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
目的：研究孕妇个人暴露于NOx、NO2、PM2.5浓度和吸光度与住宅室内外黑碳浓度水平的关系，并通过问卷调查和时间活动数据确定个人暴露和室内浓度的预测因子。方法：在巴塞罗那招募54名孕妇，携带个人PM2.5采样器2天和NOx/NO2被动徽章1周，同时测量住宅室内外PM2.5和NOx/NO2水平。记录时间活动和房屋特征。结果：个人暴露于NOx、PM2.5和吸光度的水平略高于室内和室外水平(个人NOx几何平均值=61.9 vs室内NOx=60.6µg m(-3))，而NO2的室内水平略高于个人水平。总体而言，个人暴露与室内水平之间有很高的统计相关性(Spearman‘s r在0.78至0.84之间)。女性60%以上的时间是在家中度过的。打开窗户通风、做饭所花费的时间和交通强度指标再次成为个人和室内污染物水平的显著决定因素，其中NOx模型分别解释了55%和60%的变异性，NO2模型分别解释了39%和16%的变异性。PM2.5和吸光度的模型解释的差异最小。结论：我们的发现改善了目前对孕妇个人、室内和室外污染水平之间的特征和相互关联的理解。可以很好地解释个人和室内NOx水平的变化，在较小程度上可以解释NO2水平，但不能解释PM2.5的变化。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Aim: The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between pregnant women's personal exposures to NOx, NO2, PM2.5 concentration and absorbance as a marker for black carbon and their indoor and outdoor concentration levels at their residence, and also to identify predictors of personal exposure and indoor levels using questionnaire and time activity data.Method: We recruited 54 pregnant women in Barcelona who carried a personal PM2.5 sampler for two days and NOx/NO2 passive badges for one week, while indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and NOx/NO2 levels at their residence were simultaneously measured. Time activity and house characteristics were recorded. Gravimetry determinations for PM2.5 concentration and absorbance measurements were carried out on the PM2.5 filter samples.Results: Levels of personal exposure to NOx, PM2.5 and absorbance were slightly higher than indoor and outdoor levels (geometric mean of personal NOx = 61.9 vs indoor NOx = 60.6 mu g m(-3)), while for NO2 the indoor levels were slightly higher than the personal ones. Generally, there was a high statistically significant correlation between personal exposure and indoor levels (Spearman's r between 0.78 and 0.84). Women spent more than 60% of their time indoors at home. Ventilation of the house by opening the windows, the time spent cooking and indicators for traffic intensity were re-occurring statistically significant determinants of the personal and indoor pollutants levels with models for NOx explaining the 55% and 60% of the variability respectively, and models for NO2 explaining the 39% and 16% of the variability respectively. Models for PM2.5 and absorbance explained the least of the variability.Conclusion: Our findings improve the current understanding of the characterization and inter-associations between personal, indoor and outdoor pollution levels among pregnant women. Variability in personal and indoor NOx and to a lesser extent NO2 levels could be explained well, but not the variability in PM2.5 could be explained. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.