Does the length of the night affect the timing of nocturnal departures in a migratory songbird?
Does the length of the night affect the timing of nocturnal departures in a migratory songbird?
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夜晚的长度是否会影响迁徙鸣禽夜间出发的时间？
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.05.018
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schmaljohann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Müller;Florian;Rüppel;Schmaljohann
HighlightsNocturnal出发时间的迁徙鸣禽似乎是受夜间长度。在一个实验中，我们几乎解耦的夜间长度和时间的季节。夜间迁徙行为的开始揭示了一个季节性模式。这与一个小的影响实验改变了夜间长度相吻合。许多动物执行他们的迁徙运动在离散的时间段内的白天/黑夜周期。在迁徙鸣禽中，大多数物种通常将其迁徙飞行限制在夜间。这使得它们的夜间出发时间成为决定迁徙飞行潜在持续时间的关键因素，而这反过来又影响了它们的旅行速度。先前的相关研究表明，迁徙鸣禽夜间出发时间的部分变化是由各自的夜晚长度来解释的，当夜晚很短时，鸟类会更早离开。由于夜晚的长度与季节内的时间密不可分，因此无法确定这两个因素中的哪一个驱动夜间出发时间的变化。为了消除这两个因素，即夜间的长度和季节内的时间，我们进行了一系列短期实验，使用在中途停留时捕获的迁徙鸣禽。这些鸟暴露在自然或缩短的夜晚。我们发现，暴露于缩短的夜晚的鸟类比暴露于自然长度的夜晚的鸟类显示出稍早的夜间离开。无论实验处理如何，这与鸟类夜间迁徙行为开始时的季节性模式（实验期间的迁徙不安和释放后的实际离开）相一致。基于这些结果，我们认为，鸟类的夜间出发时间追求一个固有的季节性迁徙活动，这是调整到目前的夜间长度。这样一个机制框架提供了潜在的交叉校准鸟类的迁徙活动的先天季节性时间表与当前的时空迁移过程中的进展。
HighlightsNocturnal departure timing of migratory songbirds seems to be affected by night length.In an experiment we virtually decoupled night length and time within the season.Start of nocturnal migratory behaviour revealed a seasonal pattern.This coincided with a small effect of the experimentally changed night length.Many animals perform their migratory movements within discrete time periods of the day/night cycle. Among migratory songbirds the majority of species generally restrict their migratory flights to the night. This makes their nocturnal departure timing a key factor determining the potential duration of migratory flights, which in turn affects their travel speed. Previous correlative studies revealed that part of the variation in nocturnal departure timing of migratory songbirds is explained by the respective length of the night, with birds departing earlier when nights are short. As the length of the night is inextricably linked to the time within the season, it has been impossible to ascertain which of the two factors drives variation in nocturnal departure timing. To virtually decouple both factors, that is, length of the night and time within the season, we conducted a series of short-term experiments using migratory songbirds caught at stopover. These birds were exposed to nights of either natural or shortened length. We found that birds exposed to shortened nights showed slightly earlier nocturnal departures than those exposed to the natural length of the night. This coincided with a seasonal pattern in the start of nocturnal migratory behaviour (migratory restlessness during the experimental period and actual departures following release) among birds, irrespective of the experimental treatment. Based on these results we suggest that birds' nocturnal departure timing pursues an innate seasonal schedule of migratory activity, which is adjusted to the current length of the night. Such a mechanistic framework provides the potential for cross-calibrating birds' innate seasonal schedule of migratory activity with the current spatiotemporal progress during migration.
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