Basal ganglia motor control. II. Late pallidal timing relative to movement onset and inconsistent pallidal coding of movement parameters.
Basal ganglia motor control. II. Late pallidal timing relative to movement onset and inconsistent pallidal coding of movement parameters.
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1991.65.2.301
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发表时间：
1991-02
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Mink;W. T. Thach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Mink;W. T. Thach
1.我们已经测试的假设，即基底神经节启动一些一个或几个模式的运动通过记录在视觉触发的步骤和视觉起搏斜坡移动过程中苍白球神经元的放电频率的变化与视觉刺激的发病，肌电图（EMG）的变化，和运动开始的训练恒河猴。2.苍白球内侧部（GPi）的模态变化时间明显晚于前臂激动肌肌电图。相比之下，小脑齿状核的模态时间的变化之前，手腕激动剂肌电图。3. GPi细胞放电频率的变化方向为71%增加，29%减少。4.由于GPi神经元的活动变化相对较晚，我们认为GPi神经元不能启动这些运动，正如其他人也提出的那样。这些动作的启动指令可能是由包括小脑外侧和大脑前皮质在内的结构产生的。5.我们还测试了这一假设，即苍白球的基底神经节或齿状的小脑外侧可能控制的方向和其他参数的轨迹记录从两个结构，看看是否细胞放电相关的参数和相关性是否是一致的跨任务。训练两只恒河猴通过弯曲和伸展手腕，在相反方向上进行保持-斜坡-保持和保持-步进-保持视觉引导运动，并对抗均匀的相反方向的扭矩载荷（0.2 Nm）。同时记录腕部位置、速度、力和EMG。运动幅度和方向意图分别计算和推断。6.任务相关神经元分类如下：1）方向性，如果放电率是相反运动的倒数，或者如果它只在一个方向上的运动期间增加或减少; 2）双向性，如果放电率在两个方向上的运动期间增加或减少;和3）“其他”，如果它在一个负载下是方向性的，而在另一个负载下是双向的。在步跟踪过程中，34个GPi，47个苍白球外侧部（GPe），和44个小脑齿状核神经元的任务。在GPi细胞中，14个（41%）是定向的，6个（18%）是双向的，14个（41%）是其他的。在GPe神经元中，13个（28%）为定向神经元，19个（40%）为双向神经元，15个（32%）为其他神经元。在小脑齿状核细胞中，5个（11%）是双向的，31个（70%）是双向的，8个（18%）是其他的。（400字处截断摘要）
1. We have tested the hypothesis that the basal ganglia initiate some one or several modes of movement by recording the change in discharge frequency of pallidal neurons during visually triggered step and visually paced ramp moves in relation to the visual stimulus onset, the change in the electromyograph (EMG), and the movement onset of trained rhesus monkeys. 2. The modal times of change for globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) were significantly later than those for forearm agonist muscle EMG. By contrast, the modal time of change for the cerebellar dentate nucleus preceded that for wrist agonist EMG. 3. The direction of change in discharge frequency of the GPi cells was for 71% an increase and for 29% a decrease. 4. Because of the relatively late change of activity of GPi neurons, we propose that GPi neurons cannot initiate these movements, as others have also suggested. The commands for the initiation of these movements may instead be generated by structures that include the lateral cerebellum and the anterior cerebral cortex. 5. We have also tested the hypothesis that the pallidum of the basal ganglia or the dentate of the lateral cerebellum may control the direction and other parameters of the trajectory by recording from both structures to see whether cell discharge correlated with the parameter and whether the correlation was consistent across tasks. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to perform hold-ramp-hold and hold-step-hold visually guided movements in opposite directions by flexing and extending the wrist with and against uniform oppositely directed torque loads (0.2 Nm). Wrist position, velocity, force, and EMG were recorded simultaneously. Movement amplitudes and directional intent were computed and inferred, respectively. 6. Task related neurons were classified as follows: 1) directional, if the discharge rate was reciprocal for opposite movements or if it increased or decreased during movement in one direction only; 2) bidirectional, if the discharge rate increased or decreased during movement in both directions; and 3) "other," if it was directional under one load and bidirectional under the other. During step tracking, 34 GPi, 47 globus pallidus pars externa (GPe), and 44 cerebellar dentate nuclear neurons were related to the task. Of the GPi cells, 14 (41%) were directional, 6 (18%) bidirectional, and 14 (41%) other. Of the GPe neurons, 13 (28%) were directional, 19 (40%) bidirectional, and 15 (32%) other. Of the dentate cerebellar nuclear cells, 5 (11%) were bidirectional, 31 (70%) bidirectional, and 8 (18%) other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)