THE INFLUENCE OF THE IMAGINATION ON REASONING BY YOUNG-CHILDREN
THE INFLUENCE OF THE IMAGINATION ON REASONING BY YOUNG-CHILDREN
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-835x.1990.tb00847.x
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发表时间：
1990-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
HARRIS, PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DIAS, MG;HARRIS, PL
当被要求从不符合他们日常知识的前提中推理时，幼儿往往容易产生“经验偏见”。实验1确定了三个线索，帮助4岁和5岁的孩子抑制这种偏见：当前提是一个假装的语调;当他们在一个遥远的背景下，如另一个星球;当他们伴随着视觉图像。所有三种线索的促进效应表明，只要这些前提以虚构模型而不是字面模型呈现，儿童就会接受违反其经验知识的前提作为推理的基础。实验2表明，这种对逻辑推理的促进作用发生在4岁和6岁的儿童身上。结果的模式与幼儿想象力的其他发展有关。
Young children are often prone to an ''empirical bias'' when asked to reason from premises that do not conform to their everyday knowledge. Experiment 1 identified three cues that help 4- and 5-year-olds to suppress this bias: when the premises are presented with a make-believe intonation; when they are presented in the context of a remote setting, such as another planet; and when they are accompanied by visual imagery. The facilitatory effect of all three cues suggests that children will accept premises that violate their empirical knowledge as a basis for reasoning so long as they are presented in a make-believe model rather than a literal model. Experiment 2 showed that this facilitatory effect on logical reasoning occurs for 4- and 6-year-old children alike. The pattern of results is linked to other developments in young children''s imaginative abilities.