The origin of the autophagosomal membrane
The origin of the autophagosomal membrane
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DOI：
10.1038/ncb0910-831
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
21.3
通讯作者：
Yoshimori, Tamotsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tooze, Sharon A.;Yoshimori, Tamotsu
巨噬是由噬细胞（也称为隔离膜）的形成引起的。这种膜可以选择性和非选择性地吞没胞质成分，生长和封闭被隔离的成分，然后将它们传递给降解细胞器，溶酶体。这种膜来自哪里以及它是如何生长的还不是很清楚。自20世纪50年代发现自噬以来，人们对自噬膜的来源进行了研究、争论和重新研究，共识观点在从头组装机制或内质网（ER）膜或高尔基体膜形成之间振荡。近几个月来，新的信息表明内质网和线粒体都可能提供膜源，这启发了一些较早的发现，并揭示了哺乳动物细胞中自噬的起始是多么复杂。
Macroautophagy is initiated by the formation of the phagophore (also called the isolation membrane). This membrane can both selectively and non-selectively engulf cytosolic components, grow and close around the sequestered components and then deliver them to a degradative organelle, the lysosome. Where this membrane comes from and how it grows is not well understood. Since the discovery of autophagy in the 1950s the source of the membrane has been investigated, debated and re-investigated, with the consensus view oscillating between a de novo assembly mechanism or formation from the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the Golgi. In recent months, new information has emerged that both the ER and mitochondria may provide a membrane source, enlightening some older findings and revealing how complex the initiation of autophagy may be in mammalian cells.