Role of microglia in ischemic focal stroke and recovery: focus on Toll-like receptors.
Role of microglia in ischemic focal stroke and recovery: focus on Toll-like receptors.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.003
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发表时间：
2017-10-03
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Airavaara, Mikko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anttila, Jenni E.;Whitaker, Keith W.;Wires, Emily S.;Harvey, Brandon K.;Airavaara, Mikko
中风是成年人残疾的主要原因。迫切需要针对中风诱发的病理机制并促进恢复的药物治疗。在大脑中，缺血事件触发由驻留的小胶质细胞介导的主要炎症反应。本文就缺血性脑损伤后小胶质细胞的活化作为免疫调节治疗的靶点进行综述。我们将缺血性卒中后小胶质细胞介导的事件分为三类：急性、亚急性和长期事件。这个部门包括小胶质细胞的空间和时间动力学，因为它们参与了导致中风症状和后遗症的病理生理变化。Toll样受体（TLR）信号在这些病理生理变化的结果的重要性被强调。越来越多的证据表明，小胶质细胞在卒中病理生理学中具有复杂的作用，它们介导了对卒中结局的有害和有益作用。迄今为止，大多数中风实验模型的药理学研究都集中在神经保护策略上，这对于临床应用来说是不切实际的。缺血后炎症持续时间长，因此可以为新型延迟药物治疗提供治疗靶点。然而，需要更多的研究来阐明小胶质细胞在缺血性卒中恢复过程中的作用，并评估调节缺血后炎症以促进功能恢复的治疗潜力。
Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults. Drug treatments that target stroke-induced pathological mechanisms and promote recovery are desperately needed. In the brain, an ischemic event triggers major inflammatory responses that are mediated by the resident microglial cells. In this review, we focus on the microglia activation after ischemic brain injury as a target of immunomodulatory therapeutics. We divide the microglia-mediated events following ischemic stroke into three categories: acute, subacute, and long-term events. This division encompasses the spatial and temporal dynamics of microglia as they participate in the pathophysiological changes that contribute to the symptoms and sequela of a stroke. The importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the outcomes of these pathophysiological changes is highlighted. Increasing evidence shows that microglia have a complex role in stroke pathophysiology and they mediate both detrimental and beneficial effects on stroke outcome. So far, most of the pharmacological studies in experimental models of stroke have focused on neuroprotective strategies which are impractical for clinical applications. Post-ischemic inflammation is long lasting and thus, could provide a therapeutic target for novel delayed drug treatment. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the role of microglia in the recovery process from an ischemic stroke and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of modulating post-ischemic inflammation to promote functional recovery.
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影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Caso, Javier R.;Pradillo, Jesus M.;Lizasoain, Ignacio
通讯作者：
Lizasoain, Ignacio
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Binkofski, F;Seitz, RJ;Freund, HJ
通讯作者：
Freund, HJ
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Andresen L;Theodorou K;Grünewald S;Czech-Zechmeister B;Könnecke B;Lühder F;Trendelenburg G
通讯作者：
Trendelenburg G
DOI：
10.1002/cne.22039
发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
The Journal of comparative neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Airavaara M;Shen H;Kuo CC;Peränen J;Saarma M;Hoffer B;Wang Y
通讯作者：
Wang Y
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Bell, JK;Mullen, GED;Segal, DM
通讯作者：
Segal, DM