More labels, fewer refugees: Remaking the refugee label in an era of globalization
More labels, fewer refugees: Remaking the refugee label in an era of globalization
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DOI：
10.1093/jrs/fem011
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Zetter, Roger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zetter, Roger
本文回顾了我近20年前阐述的难民标签概念。在完全不同的条件下，这一概念的当代相关性和实用性被重新审视和重新确立。制定在20世纪70年代末和80年代初，在南部的区域包含，大规模难民移民的时间，本文认为，这一概念仍然提供了重要的见解，在跨国社会变革，混合移民流动的全球化时代的制度和官僚权力对难民的生活的影响，以及大规模难民移民的持续存在。该文件的核心认为，“方便的图像”的难民，在过去的一个增选人道主义话语中标记，已被取代的标签，这是由需要管理全球化的进程和模式的移民和被迫移民，特别是驱动的一部分。本文运用“形成”、“转化”和“政治化”这三个基本原理对“自由”概念进行了重新评价。核心论点是，在当代：a）难民标签的形成反映了强迫移徙的原因和模式，这些原因和模式比过去复杂得多，与过去基本上同质的内涵形成对比; B）为了应对这种复杂性，难民标签通过“制度性划分”进行了转变，以便管理新的移徙;（c）在当代由北方利益驱动的改变难民标签的进程中，政府而不是过去的非政府组织是最重要的机构;（d）难民标签由于制度性分裂的再现和对移民和难民的抵制的更广泛的政治话语的嵌入而变得政治化。
This paper revisits the concept of refugee labelling I elaborated nearly two decades ago. In radically different conditions, the contemporary relevance and utility of the concept are re-examined and re-established. Formulated at a time of regionally contained, mass refugee migration in the south during the late 1970s and early 1980s, the paper argues that the concept still offers vital insights into the impacts of institutional and bureaucratic power on the lives of refugees in a globalized era of transnational social transformations, mixed migration flows, and the continuing presence of large scale refugee migration. The core of the paper argues that the 'convenient images' of refugees, labelled within a co-opting humanitarian discourse in the past, have been displaced by a fractioning of the label which is driven by the need to manage globalized processes and patterns of migration and forced migration in particular. The paper re-evaluates the concept using the three original axioms-forming, transforming and politicizing the label 'refugee'. The core argument is that in the contemporary era: a) the formation of the refugee label reflects causes and patterns of forced migration which are much more complex than in the past, contrasting with an essentially homogeneous connotation in the past; b) responding to this complexity, the refugee label is transformed by an institutional fractioning' in order to manage the new migration; c) governments, rather than NGOs as in the past, are the pre-eminent agency in the contemporary processes of transforming the refugee label, a process driven by northern interests; d) the refugee label has become politicized by the reproduction of institutional fractioning and by embedding the wider political discourse of resistance to migrants and refugees.