DNA from pre-erythrocytic stage malaria parasites is detectable by PCR in the faeces and blood of hosts
DNA from pre-erythrocytic stage malaria parasites is detectable by PCR in the faeces and blood of hosts
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.03.002
复制
发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Culleton, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abkallo, Hussein M.;Liu, Weimin;Culleton, Richard
在感染性蚊子叮咬后，疟原虫首先侵入肝脏，在那里发育和复制数天，然后释放到血液中，侵入红细胞并引起疾病。疟疾寄生虫肝脏阶段的生物学知识相对较少，因为在其生命周期的这一阶段无法对寄生虫进行采样。在这里，我们报告的检测疟疾寄生虫DNA的血液和粪便样本在其整个发展过程中的小鼠肝脏和之前的寄生虫开始他们的生长在血液循环。结果表明，来自红细胞前期寄生虫的寄生虫DNA通过胆汁到达粪便。然后，我们表明，不同的灵长类疟疾物种可以通过PCR检测自然感染的圈养猕猴的血液和粪便样本。这些结果表明，可以在实验感染的动物中检测和定量红细胞前寄生虫。此外，这些结果对疟原虫的分子流行病学和遗传学都有重要意义。在前一种情况下，经显微镜检查为疟疾寄生虫阴性，但其血液中寄生虫DNA PCR阳性的个体被认为是“亚显微”血液阶段寄生虫携带者。我们现在提出，PCR阳性不一定是血液阶段寄生虫存在的指标，因为DNA可能来自红细胞前寄生虫。同样，在仅基于DNA序列的分子遗传学的情况下，我们认为从血液或粪便中扩增的DNA不一定来自感染特定宿主红细胞的寄生虫物种。(C)2014年澳大利亚寄生虫学会由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Following the bite of an infective mosquito, malaria parasites first invade the liver where they develop and replicate for a number of days before being released into the bloodstream where they invade red blood cells and cause disease. The biology of the liver stages of malaria parasites is relatively poorly understood due to the inaccessibility of the parasites to sampling during this phase of their life cycle. Here we report the detection in blood and faecal samples of malaria parasite DNA throughout their development in the livers of mice and before the parasites begin their growth in the blood circulation. It is shown that parasite DNA derived from pre-erythrocytic stage parasites reaches the faeces via the bile. We then show that different primate malaria species can be detected by PCR in blood and faecal samples from naturally infected captive macaque monkeys. These results demonstrate that pre-erythrocytic parasites can be detected and quantified in experimentally infected animals. Furthermore, these results have important implications for both molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of malaria parasites. In the former case, individuals who are malaria parasite negative by microscopy, but PCR positive for parasite DNA in their blood, are considered to be "sub-microscopic" blood stage parasite carriers. We now propose that PCR positivity is not necessarily an indicator of the presence of blood stage parasites, as the DNA could derive from pre-erythrocytic parasites. Similarly, in the case of molecular phylogenetics based on DNA sequences alone, we argue that DNA amplified from blood or faeces does not necessarily come from a parasite species that infects the red blood cells of that particular host. (C) 2014 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.