Origin and early evolution of chloroplasts
Origin and early evolution of chloroplasts
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DOI：
10.2517/prpsj.10.283
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发表时间：
2006-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
A. Tomitani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Tomitani
摘要在整个地质时期，光合生物作为大气氧气的初级生产者和最终来源发挥了重要作用。它们是如何进化的是研究地球生物和环境历史的关键问题之一。现代藻类叶绿体（质体）在形态和色素方面非常多样化。由于古生物学记录永远不可能是完整的，因此多学科的方法对于揭示叶绿体进化的模式、时间和机制至关重要。几个独立的证据表明，所有的叶绿体来自一个单一的内共生蓝藻和传播在不同的真核生物类群通过多个次级内共生。随着基因组时代的到来，比较基因组学被用来揭示它们的进化过程。然而，对非模式生物的研究对于了解今天的多样性生命是如何进化的仍然很重要，例如独特色素的原绿藻。古生物学记录可以提供对初级和次级内共生事件的时间限制。
ABSTRACT Photosynthetic organisms have played a significant role as primary producers and ultimate sources of the atmospheric oxygen through geologic time. How they have evolved is one of the key questions in the study of the biological and environmental history of the Earth. Modern algal chloroplasts (plastids) are greatly diversified in morphology and pigmentation. Because the paleontological record can never be complete, a multidisciplinary approach is essential to reveal the pattern, timing, and mechanism of chloroplast evolution. Several independent lines of evidence show that all chloroplasts derived from a single endosymbiotic cyanobacterium and spread in different eukaryotic taxa via multiple secondary endosymbioses. With the advent of the genomic era, comparative genomics has been employed to reveal the course of their evolution. Yet, the study of non-model organisms remains important to understand how today's diverse life has evolved, such as in the case of uniquely pigmented prochlorophytes. Paleontological records may provide constraints on the timing of the primary and secondary endosymbiotic events.