The effect of contextual cues on the encoding of motor memories
The effect of contextual cues on the encoding of motor memories
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00773.2012
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Franklin, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, Ian S.;Wolpert, Daniel M.;Franklin, David W.
一些研究表明，感觉背景线索可以减少学习相反力场时观察到的干扰。然而，由于每项研究都考察了一小组线索，通常是在一个独特的范式中，不同感觉背景线索的相对效果尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们量化了七种背景线索如何影响运动记忆的形成和回忆，其中一些是以前研究过的，另一些是新的。受试者在依赖于速度的卷曲场中进行运动，方向在不同的试验中随机变化，但总是与独特的上下文线索相关联。将视场方向与光标或背景颜色或周边视觉运动提示联系起来，并不能减少干扰。相比之下，连接到手光标上的视觉对象的方向显著减少了干扰，尽管减少了很小的量。当这些场与工作空间中不同位置的运动相关联时，观察到干扰显著减少。我们测试了这种干扰的减少是由于视觉反馈(目标和光标)的不同位置还是由于运动(本体感觉)的不同。当这些场仅与视觉显示位置的改变(移动始终居中进行)或仅与移动位置的改变(视觉反馈始终居中显示)相关联时，观察到干扰显著减少。这些结果表明，虽然一些视觉线索可以导致运动记忆中不同表征的形成和回忆，但运动的空间视觉和本体感觉状态的变化远比简单的视觉背景线索的变化有效。
Several studies have shown that sensory contextual cues can reduce the interference observed during learning of opposing force fields. However, because each study examined a small set of cues, often in a unique paradigm, the relative efficacy of different sensory contextual cues is unclear. In the present study we quantify how seven contextual cues, some investigated previously and some novel, affect the formation and recall of motor memories. Subjects made movements in a velocity-dependent curl field, with direction varying randomly from trial to trial but always associated with a unique contextual cue. Linking field direction to the cursor or background color, or to peripheral visual motion cues, did not reduce interference. In contrast, the orientation of a visual object attached to the hand cursor significantly reduced interference, albeit by a small amount. When the fields were associated with movement in different locations in the workspace, a substantial reduction in interference was observed. We tested whether this reduction in interference was due to the different locations of the visual feedback (targets and cursor) or the movements (proprioceptive). When the fields were associated only with changes in visual display location (movements always made centrally) or only with changes in the movement location (visual feedback always displayed centrally), a substantial reduction in interference was observed. These results show that although some visual cues can lead to the formation and recall of distinct representations in motor memory, changes in spatial visual and proprioceptive states of the movement are far more effective than changes in simple visual contextual cues.