The plurifunctional nucleolus
The plurifunctional nucleolus
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DOI：
10.1093/nar/26.17.3871
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
Pederson, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pederson, T
真核细胞的核仁在世纪早期被首次描述，并在20世纪60年代被发现是核糖体合成的场所。虽然rRNA转录、rRNA加工和核糖体组装已被明确确定为核仁的主要功能，但最近的研究表明核仁也参与基因表达的许多其他方面。此外，新的研究结果表明，信号识别颗粒RNA和端粒酶RNA的生物合成涉及核仁阶段，核仁还参与了剪接体小核RNA之一U6 RNA的加工。有趣的是，这三种核仁相关的小核RNA（信号识别颗粒RNA、端粒酶RNA和U6 RNA）是催化核糖核蛋白机器的组分。最后，最近的工作也表明，一些转运RNA前体在核仁中加工。核仁可能是从一个空间上与邻位体相连的原真核最小基因组进化而来的！RNA加工和核糖核蛋白组装事件参与基因读出。今天的真核生物的核仁，现在被超过20亿年的基因组扩展的染色质所包围，除了核糖体生物合成之外，可能仍然执行这些古老的功能。多功能核仁概念在当代数据中具有很强的基础，并为我们目前对细胞核的空间功能设计的看法增添了新的视角。
The nucleolus of eukaryotic cells was first described in the early 19th century and was discovered in the 1960s to be the seat of ribosome synthesis. Although rRNA transcription, rRNA processing and ribosome assembly have been clearly established as major functions of the nucleolus, recent studies suggest that the nucleolus participates in many other aspects of gene expression as well. Thus, the nucleolus has been implicated in the processing or nuclear export of certain mRNAs, In addition, new results indicate that biosyntheses of signal recognition particle RNA and telomerase RNA involve a nucleolar stage and that the nucleolus is also involved in processing of U6 RNA, one of the spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs, Interestingly, these three nucleolus-associated small nuclear RNAs (signal recognition particle RNA, telomerase RNA and U6 RNA) are components of catalytic ribonucleoprotein machines. Finally, recent work has also suggested that some transfer RNA precursors are processed in the nucleolus. The nucleolus may have evolutionarily descended from a proto-eukaryotic minimal genome that was spatially linked to vicina! RNA processing and ribonucleoprotein assembly events involved in gene read-out. The nucleolus of today's eukaryotes, now surrounded by the chromatin of over 2 billion years of genome expansion, may still perform these ancient functions, in addition to ribosome biosynthesis, The plurifunctional nucleolus concept has a strong footing in contemporary data and adds a new perspective to our current picture of the spatial-functional design of the cell nucleus.