Kinematic changes during a 100-m front crawl: Effects of performance level and gender
Kinematic changes during a 100-m front crawl: Effects of performance level and gender
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0b013e3180f62f38
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chatard, Jean Claude
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文献类型：
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作者：
Seifert, Ludovic;Chollet, Didier;Chatard, Jean Claude
目的：本研究分析了100米前爬泳运动学的变化，以探讨性能水平和性别的影响，比较12名高速男性，8名中速男性，8名低速男性，8名高速女性。方法：在整个比赛过程中，在一个25米的游泳池中进行评估，游泳池分为5个区域，每个区域5英寸。计算每个25 m长度（L1至L4）和每个5 m区域的速度（V）、冲程速率（SR）和冲程长度（SL）。通过视频分析确定四个中风时相，并计算协调指数（IdC）。确定了三种手臂协调模式：追赶、对抗和叠加。腿踢也进行了分析。结果如下：高速男子游泳运动员的特征是更高的V（1.89 m.s（-1））、SR（0.78 Hz）、SL（2.16 m/划）、推进阶段（54%）和IdC（3.8%）（P < 0.05），以及这些值在整个比赛中的稳定性。中、低速组在100 in的第三个长度上有一个反向协调（-1% < IdC < 1%）。由于第4长的疲劳，他们在推阶段花更多的时间与手在一起（可能是因为手的速度降低），并改变为叠加协调（中速男性：IdC = 2.78%;低速男性：IdC = 1.12%）（P < 0.05）。然而，这种改变是无效的，因为SL在整个100 m中持续降低（P < 0.05）。性别差异主要表现为男性SL大于女性（1.81m/次）（P < 0.05），而两组IdC相似（女性：4.4%）。结论：高速游泳运动员具有更高、更稳定的SL和IdC。主要的性别效应是更大的SL在男性比女性。
Purpose: This study analyzed kinematic changes during a 100-m front crawl to investigate the effects of performance level and gender, comparing 12 high-speed males, 8 medium-speed males, 8 low-speed males, and 8 high-speed females. Methods: Assessments were made throughout the race in a 25-m pool divided into five zones of 5 in. Velocity (V), stroke rate (SR), and stroke length (SL) were calculated for each 25-m length (L1 to L4) and for each 5-m zone. Four stroke phases were identified by video analysis, and the index of coordination (IdC) was calculated. Three modes of arm coordination were identified: catch-up, opposition, and superposition. The leg kick was also analyzed. Results: The high-speed male swimmers were distinguished by higher V (1.89 m.s(-1)), SR (0.78 Hz), SL (2.16 m per stroke), propulsive phase (54%), and IdC (3.8%) (P < 0.05), and by the stability of these values throughout the race. The medium- and low-speed males had an opposition coordination (-1% < IdC < 1%) during the third length of the 100 in. Because of fatigue in length 4, they spent more time with the hand in the push phase (possibly because of a decrease in hand velocity) and changed to superposition coordination (medium-speed males: IdC = 2.78%; low-speed males: IdC = 1.12%) (P < 0.05). This change was ineffective, however, as SL continued to decrease throughout the 100 m (P < 0.05). The main gender findings were the greater SL of the males versus the females (1.81 m per stroke) (P < 0.05) and the similar IdC of both high-speed groups (females: 4.4%). Conclusion: The high-speed swimmers were characterized by higher and more stable SL and IdC. The principal gender effect was greater SL in the males than in the females.