A Tale of Two CITES: Divergent Perspectives upon the Effectiveness of the Wildlife Trade Convention
A Tale of Two CITES: Divergent Perspectives upon the Effectiveness of the Wildlife Trade Convention
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DOI：
10.1111/reel.12049
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bowman, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bowman, Michael
关于《濒危物种国际贸易公约》（《濒危物种贸易公约》）的全面职能效力的问题引起了一系列截然不同的反应。这些不同的评估似乎与目前国际社会所支持的根本不同的保护哲学密切相关，而这些哲学本身是由产生它们的不同心理偏好所决定的。虽然“可持续利用”的概念在大多数选区的支持修辞中占有突出地位，但在很大程度上取决于“可持续性”或“利用”方面是否具有动机优先权。在某些方面，基本上是个人主义、物质主义和自由意志主义的观点占主导地位，其结果是预期限制使用的特别有力的理由。由于这一观点在人类心理中根深蒂固，因此必须在保护制度中加以适应。然而与此同时，不能忽视的是，这种倾向在很大程度上加剧了生物多样性危机，因此必须用一种更全面、更以生态为中心的观点来平衡。在这方面，决策圈仍然明显普遍缺乏有效的了解，各种根深蒂固的神话和误解仍然是进展的重大障碍。
The question concerning the overall functional effectiveness of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) has attracted a range of sharply contrasting responses. These divergent assessments appear to correlate closely with the fundamentally different philosophies of conservation which are currently espoused within the international community, and are themselves shaped by the disparate psychological predilections from which they emerge. Although the concept of 'sustainable utilization' features prominently in the supporting rhetoric of most constituencies, much depends upon whether it is the aspect of 'sustainability' or 'utilization' that commands motivational priority. In certain quarters, an essentially individualistic, materialistic and libertarian perspective predominates, with the result that especially strong justifications are expected for constraints upon use. Since this standpoint is so deeply ingrained within human psychology, it is essential that it be accommodated within conservation regimes. Yet at the same time, it cannot be overlooked that this very inclination has done much to precipitate the biodiversity crisis in the first place, and must therefore be balanced by a more holistic and ecocentric perspective. In that respect, a widespread lack of effective understanding remains evident in policy-making circles, and a variety of well-entrenched myths and misconceptions still represent a significant impediment to progress.